ABSTRACT
Given the importance of COVID-19-induced ARDS, recently, researchers have strived to determine underlying mechanisms involved in the inflammatory responses. In this regard, inflammasomes possess a distinct priority for cytokine storm occurrence and, subsequently, ARDS progression in ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this minireview, the characteristics of known inflammasome inhibitors and designed research in this field were concretely deciphered.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Humans , COVID-19/complications , Inflammasomes , SARS-CoV-2 , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To describe a novel technique of amniotic membrane (AM) patch graft in the management of double chamber treatment after big-bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). CASE REPORT: A 35-year-old male patient with advanced keratoconus underwent big-bubble DALK. Manual lamellar dissection was done due to failed big-bubble. First-day postoperative double chamber was detected. Air bubbling and SF6 injection were tried without any success. Double chamber resolved by fixation of AM transplantation patch graft (1 × 1 mm) over the Descemet's membrane perforation with fibrin glue. CONCLUSION: Amniotic membrane patch graft can be used in the management of double chamber after DALK not responsive to intracameral gas injection.
ABSTRACT
Sulphur mustard (SM; (2, 2'-dichloroethylsulfide)) was used for the first time in 1917, during the World War I. SM mainly induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This compound injures the respiratory system, eyes, skin and the endocrine, gastrointestinal, and hematopoietic systems. However, due to the high lipophilicity of the SM and the lipophilic nature of the tear film, and also due to the direct contact of the eyes with the environment, the eyes are the most vulnerable part of the body to SM. SM causes several proteomic alterations in the eye. It increases the production and activity of inflammatory proteins, reduces the concentration of antioxidant proteins and activates the proteins involved in the onset of apoptosis. In this study, we reviewed SM-related proteomic alterations and the association of the found proteins with other eye disorders and diseases. Furthermore, using pathway enrichment analysis, we found the most central biological processes involved in the emergence of complications caused by SM. Our results revealed that deficient cellular homeostasis, especially in terms of iron-dependent regulations, as well as pathological changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, is the most central biological process involved in eye injuries caused by SM.
