ABSTRACT
Reducing thermal unit operating costs and emissions is the goal of the multi-objective issue known as multi-area economic/emission dispatch (MAEED) in smart grids. Using renewable energy (RE) have significantly lowered greenhouse gas emissions and ensured the sustainability of the environment. With regard to constraints such as prohibited operating zones (POZs), valve point effect (VPE), transmission losses in the network, ramp restrictions, tie-line capacity, this study aims to minimize operating costs and emission objectives by solving the multi-area dynamic economic/emission dispatch (MADEED) problem in the presence of RE units and energy storage (ES) systems. The conventional economic dispatch (ED) optimization approach has the following shortcomings: It is only designed to solve the single-objective optimization problem with a cost objective, in addition, it also does not have high calculation accuracy and speed. Therefore, to address this multi-objective MADEED problem with non-linear constraints, this paper introduces hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO)-whale optimization algorithms (WOA). The reason for combining two algorithms is to use the advantages of both algorithms in solving the desired optimization problem. The introduced method is tested in two separate scenarios on a test network of 10 generators. Using the suggested hybrid methodology in this study, the MADED and MADEED problems are resolved and contrasted with other evolutionary techniques, such as original WOA, and PSO methods. Examining the results of the proposed method shows the efficiency and better performance of the proposed method compared to other methods. Finally, the results obtained by simulations indicate that integrating the necessary system restrictions gives the system legitimacy and produces dependable output. With regard to the results obtained from the introduced approach, the value of the overall cost function has clearly decreased by about 3 % compared to other methods.