ABSTRACT
Interactions between the gut microbiota and host immunity are sophisticated, dynamic, and host-dependent. Scientists have recently conducted research showing that disturbances in the gut bacterial community can lead to a decrease in some metabolites and, consequently, to behaviors such as depression. Exposure to stressors dropped the relative abundance of bacteria in the genus Bacteroides while soaring the relative abundance of bacteria in the genus Clostridium, Coprococcus, Dialister, and Oscillibacter, which were also reduced in people with depression. Microbiota and innate immunity are in a bilateral relationship. The gut microbiota has been shown to induce the synthesis of antimicrobial proteins such as catalysidins, type C lectins, and defensins. Probiotic bacteria can modulate depressive behavior through GABA signaling. The gut microbiome produces essential metabolites such as neurotransmitters, tryptophan metabolites, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that can act on the CNS. In the case of dysbiosis, due to mucin changes, the ratio of intestinal-derived molecules may change and contribute to depression. Psychotropics, including Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001, Clostridium butyricum CBM588, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, have mental health benefits, and can have a positive effect on the host-brain relationship, and have antidepressant effects. This article reviews current studies on the association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and depression. Comprehensively, these findings could potentially lead to novel approaches to improving depressive symptoms via gut microbiota alterations, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common severe injuries among female badminton players. Dynamic balance (DB) and knee proprioception (KP) are critical in preventing this injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a six-week plyometric training (PT) program on DB and KP in female badminton players. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy beginner female badminton players were randomly assigned to either control (CG) or experimental group (ExG). The ExG went through PT for six weeks. Pre- and post-intervention Y balance and photography tests were used to assess DB and KP, respectively. RESULTS: There was no difference between groups prior to PT in DB (p=0.804) and KP (at 45°, p=0.085 and at 60°, p=0.472 angles; p>0.05). However, after the PT only ExG improved significantly in DB (p=0.003) and KP (at 45°, p=0.004 and at 60°, p=0.010 angles; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Female badminton players' dynamic balance and knee proprioception improved significantly after plyometric training (PT). These results may be important in preventing non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, which requires further investigation.
OBJECTIF: La rupture sans contact au ligament croisé antérieur (LCA) est l'une des blessures graves les plus courantes chez les joueuses de badminton. Un équilibre dynamique (ED) et une proprioception du genou (PG) sont essentiels dans la prévention de cette blessure. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer les effets d'un entrainement pliométrique d'une durée de six semaines sur l'ED et le PG chez les joueuses de badminton. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Vingt-deux joueuses de badminton novices et en bonne santé ont été réparties au hasard entre le groupe de contrôle (GC) et le groupe expérimental (GE). Les joueuses du groupe expérimental ont suivi un entrainement pliométrique pendant six semaines. Des tests d'équilibre Y avant et après l'intervention et des tests photographiques ont été utilisés pour évaluer l'ED et le PG, respectivement. RÉSULTATS: Aucune différence n'a été constatée entre les groupes avant un EP dans l'ED (p=0,804) et le PG (à 45°, p=0,085 et à 60°, p=0,472) Toutefois, après l'EP seul le GE a fait état d'une amélioration de manière significative en ED (p=0,003) et PG (à 45°, p=0,004 et à 60°, p=0,010 angles ; p<0,05). CONCLUSION: L'équilibre dynamique et la proprioception du genou des joueuses de badminton se sont améliorés de manière significative après un entrainement pliométrique. Ces résultats peuvent être considérables dans la prévention des ruptures sans contact du ligament croisé antérieur (LCA) qui nécessitent un examen plus approfondi.
