ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: BMI1, TWIST1 and SNAI2/SLUG have been implicated in aggressive behavior of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma and BMI1 expression could identify subtypes of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). However, BMI1, TWIST1 and SNAI2 expression levels in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) have not been elucidated. We hypothesized BCC could be a good model system to decipher mechanisms which inhibit processes that drive tumor metastasis. The aim of this study was to examine the mRNA expression level of BMI1, TWIST1, and SNAI2 in BCCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five fresh non-metastatic BCC tissue samples and seven fresh normal skin tissue samples were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: BMI1 and TWIST1 demonstrated marked down-regulation (p<0.00l, p=0.00l respectively), but SNAI2 showed no significant change (p=0.12). CONCLUSIONS: Previous literature has clearly demonstrated a positive association between BMI1 and TWIST1 expression and metastatic BCC, aggressive SCC and melanoma. Here, we demonstrated a negative association between BMI1 and TWIST1 mRNA expression level and BCC.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Basal Cell/genetics , Down-Regulation/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/genetics , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Skin Neoplasms/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , Twist-Related Protein 1/genetics , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Snail Family Transcription FactorsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: High frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) is a non-invasive, low risk method which can provide real-time visual information regarding different processes in cutaneous tissue. The goal of this study is to compare the accuracy of HFUS in determining depth and width of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) lesions compared with histopathology as a reference standard. METHODS: The depth and width of 56 primary BCCs in various locations were measured in vivo using the ultrasound system device Digital Taberna Promedica (Luneburg, FRG DUB 20 Ultrasound Scanner), with a 50-MHz hand-held transducer and compared with the depth and width reported in histopathologic examination of these lesions after complete excision. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated using a one-way ANOVA table to compare measured dimensions for the same tumors with the two diagnostic methods. RESULTS: The mean depth of tumor in HFUS (1353.68 ± 656.456 microns) was lower than the amount measured by the dermatopathologist (1560.71 ± 1044.323 microns). However, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The means of largest diameter of tumors in HFUS and pathology were 5996.77 ± 2271.783 and 3891.07 ± 1995.452 microns, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a low correlation in diameter (r = 0.27, P < 0.05) and a moderate correlation in depth (r = 0.45, P < 0.001) of BCCs between these two methods. CONCLUSION: HFUS may be a useful method to assess the dimensions of BCC prior to surgery.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Basal Cell/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Ultrasonography/methods , Ultrasonography/standards , Adult , Aged , Biopsy/standards , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/surgery , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Care/instrumentation , Preoperative Care/methods , Preoperative Care/standards , Reference Standards , Reproducibility of Results , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Ultrasonography/instrumentationSubject(s)
Intestinal Perforation/etiology , Jejunal Diseases/etiology , Malignant Atrophic Papulosis/diagnosis , Skin/pathology , Stroke/etiology , Dermoscopy , Fatal Outcome , Fibrosis , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Malignant Atrophic Papulosis/complications , Middle Aged , Paresis/etiology , Pericardium/pathology , Pleura/pathology , Stroke/diagnosisABSTRACT
A 13-year-old girl presented with a 2-month history of recurrent soft tissue swelling of her right upper extremity. Dermatological examination revealed soft tissue crepitation and a small ulcer on the dorsum of her right hand. After several investigations including radiographic and systemic blood tests the diagnosis of factitious subcutaneous emphysema was made and the patient was referred to psychiatry for proper management.
