Hydrogen bond-mediated self-assembly of Tin (II) oxide wrapped with Chitosan/[BzPy]Cl network: An effective bionanocomposite for textile wastewater remediation.

A novel and efficient bionanocomposite was synthesized by incorporating SnO into chitosan (Ch) and a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). The bionanocomposite was synthesized in benzoyl pyridinium chloride [BzPy]Cl to maintain the unique properties of SnO, chitosan, and the ionic liquid. Adsorption and photodegradation processes were applied to evaluate the bionanocomposite for removing azo and anthraquinone dyes and textile wastewater. SnO/[BzPy]Cl and SnO/[BzPy]Cl/Ch samples were prepared and characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR, SEM, XRD, EDAX, XPS, DSC, TGA, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, and DRS analysis. SEM analysis revealed a hierarchical roughened rose flower-like morphology for the biocomposite. The band gap energies of SnO/[BzPy]Cl and SnO/[BzPy]Cl/chitosan were found to be 3.9 and 3.3 eV, respectively, indicating a reduction in the band gap energy with the introduction of [BzPy]Cl and chitosan. SnO/[BzPy]Cl/Ch showed high removal rates (92-95 %) for Fast Red, Blue 15, Red 120, Blue 94, Yellow 160, and Acid Orange 7 dyes. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model. In addition, the effect of different photodegradation parameters such as solution pH, dye concentrations, contact time, and amount of photocatalyst, was studied. Given the optimal results obtained in removing azo and anthraquinone dyes, the SnO/[BzPy]Cl/Ch nanocomposite was used as an efficient nanocomposite for removing dyes from textile wastewater. The highest removal efficiency was found to be 95.8 %, obtained under ultraviolet and visible light. Furthermore, BOD and COD reduction analysis showed significant reductions, indicating the excellent performance of the photocatalyst.

Intercalated chitosan-ionic liquid ionogel in SnO nanoplate: band gap narrow and adsorption-photodegradation process.

Ionogels are a category of hybrid material containing ionic liquid stabilized by polymeric network. These composites have some applications in solid-state, energy storage devices and environmental studies. In this research, chitosan (CS), ethyl pyridinium iodide ionic liquid (IL), and ionogel (IG) consisting of chitosan and ionic liquid were used in the preparation of a SnO nanoplate (SnO-IL, SnO-CS and SnO-IG). For the preparation of the ethyl pyridinium iodide, a mixture of pyridine and iodoethane (1: 2 molar ratio) was refluxed for 24 hours. The ionogel was formed using ethyl pyridinium iodide ionic liquid in chitosan that was dissolved in acetic acid (1 % v/v). By increasing NH3∙H2O, the pH of the ionogel reached 7-8. Then, the resultant IG was mixed with SnO in an ultrasonic bath for 1 h. The microstructure of the ionogel was involved as assembled unit via π-π, electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions to be three-dimensional networks. The intercalated ionic liquid and chitosan influenced the stability of the SnO nanoplates and improved band gap values. When chitosan was contained as the interlayer space of the SnO nanostructure, the resulting biocomposite formed a well-ordered flower-like SnO structure. These hybrid material structures were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, DSC, BET, and DRS techniques. The changes in the band gap values for photocatalysis applications were investigated. In the case of SnO, SnO-IL, SnO-CS, and SnO-IG, the band gap energy was 3.9, 3.6, 3.2, and 2.8 eV, respectively. The dye removal efficiency of SnO-IG was 98.5, 98.8, 97.9, and 98.4 % via the second-order kinetic model for Reactive Red 141, Reactive Red 195, Reactive Red 198, and Reactive Yellow 18, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of SnO-IG was 540.5, 584.7, 1501.5, and 1100.1 mg/g for Red 141, Red 195, Red 198, and Yellow 18 dyes, respectively. Also, an acceptable result (96.47 % dye removal) was obtained with the prepared SnO-IG biocomposite for dye removal from textile wastewater.

Design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel Zn(II)-2-phenyl benzimidazole framework for the removal of organic dyes.

A novel Zn (II) organic framework comprising 2-phenyl benzimidazole (ZPBIF-1) was synthesized by using a solvothermal method. The characterization of the synthesized MOF was performed utilizing XRD, SEM, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, XPS, TG/DTA, and N2 sorption analysis. ZPBIF-1 was successfully utilized to remove Acid red 88, Basic Violet 14, Basic Blue 54, and Congo red dyes in aqueous solutions. In this study, some parameters, including adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH, were examined. To evaluate the experimental data, Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were used. In this case, Langmuir is the most suitable model. Several kinetic models, including First-order, pseudo-first-order, second-order, and Pseudo-second-order kinetic models, Elovich's, and Weber's intraparticle diffusion models, were utilized to comprehend the detailed adsorption process. According to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, dye sorption kinetics is best described. In addition, thermodynamic parameters like enthalpy (ΔH°), Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), and entropy (ΔS°) were also achieved and analyzed. The experimental studies thus suggest that Zn (II) metal-organic framework based on 2-phenyl benzimidazole could be a promising candidate for eliminating dyes from aqueous solution. Hence, the experimental studies suggest that a Zn (II) metal-organic framework based on 2-phenylbenzimidazole could be a promising candidate for eliminating dyes from aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of ZPBIF-1 was 1666.66, 1250, 1000, and 1250 mg/g for Acid red 88, Basic violet 14, Basic blue 54, and Congo red dyes, respectively. Furthermore, this method was used to remove contaminant dyes from textile wastewater, and an acceptable result was obtained.

Desalination of saline water via forward osmosis using magnetic nanoparticles covalently functionalized with citrate ions as osmotic agent.

Forward osmosis is an emerging membrane technology in water desalination. In this study, desalination of saline water via forward osmosis was investigated using a new magnetic osmotic agent. For this purpose, Fe3O4 nanoparticles covalently functionalised with tri-sodium citrate was synthesised and characterised. The structural examinations revealed that the sodium citrate had been immobilised onto the magnetic nanoparticles. The highest water flux was obtained 17.1 L M-2 h (LMH) per 80 g L-1 osmotic agent solution against deionised water, while the ratio of salt flux to water flux was very low (0.088 g L-1). The osmotic solution was evaluated for saline water desalination using different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) as feed solutions. The average water fluxes of 6.2, 4.5, and 2.7 LMH was obtained for 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 M salt solutions, respectively. The magnetic osmotic agent was separated by a magnet and re-used for several times without considerable decrease in the water flux.

New anticancer Pd and Pt complexes of tertamyl dithiocarbamate and DACH ligands against HT29 and Panc1 cell lines.

To investigate the reduction of side effects of commercial antitumor drugs such as cisplatin, two new platinum and palladium complexes with a formula of [M(DACH)(tertamyl.dtc)]NO3 were synthesized (DACH is 1R, 2R-diaminocyclohexane, tertamyl-dtc is tertpentyl dithiocarbamate, and M is palladium or platin ionic metals) and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these compounds against HT29 and Panc1 cell lines showed that the IC50 values against Panc1 cell line of [Pt(DACH)(tertamyl.dtc)]NO3 and [Pd(DACH)(tertamyl.dtc)]NO3 were 263.1 and 198.7 µM, and also against HT29 cell line were 241.9 and 258.2 µM, respectively. They were similar to the value obtained for oxaliplatin and lower than cisplatin value. Thermal stability and circular dichroism results demonstrated that both metal complexes could bind to DNA via electrostatic bonds. Due to electrostatic interaction, the configuration of B-DNA to C-DNA changed, though the possibility of groove interaction may be strengthened. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation showed higher negative docking energy for [Pd(DACH)(tertamyl.dtc)]NO3 complex with a higher tendency for DNA interaction. In vitro cytotoxicity of two new Pt and Pd compounds have been studied against two cell lines (HT29 and Panc 1), which are almost equal to the value obtained for oxaliplatin and they are lower than cisplatin value. Thermal stability studies and CD results demonstrated that both complexes bind to DNA via electrostatic bonds. Further, molecular docking showed higher negative docking energy for [Pd(DACH)(tertamyl.dtc)]NO3 complex with a higher tendency for interaction.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Some new anticancer platinum complexes of dithiocarbamate derivatives against human colorectal and pancreatic cell lines.

Cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin and their analogs are effective anticancer agents, but their clinical using is limited by some serious side effects. S,S donor ligands such as dithiocarbamates can be used to reduce some side effects. In this study, some novel water soluble complexes with formula of [Pt(bpy)(R.dtc)]NO3, where bpy is bipyridine and R.dtc is amyl-, isopentyl- or tertamyl-dtc (n-pentyl-, 3-metyl-butyl- and 2-methylbutan-dithiocarbamate, respectively) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements and chemical analysis. The cytotoxic activities of synthesized complexes were investigated against human adenocarcinoma colorectal cell line (HT29) and human pancreatic cell line (Panc1), and compared with cisplatin and oxaliplatin, which display more anticancer activity for [Pt(bpy)(isopentyl.dtc)]NO3. The experimental fluorescence and circular dichroism results illustrated partially groove binding of [Pt(bpy)(amyl.dtc)]NO3 and [Pt(bpy)isopentyl.dtc)]NO3 on DNA, while [Pt(bpy)(tertamyl.dtc)]NO3 complex, can bind to DNA via intercalation. Finally, molecular docking simulation data of DNA interaction with three synthesized complexes showed [Pt(bpy)(amyl.dtc)]NO3 complex has the highest tendency and negative docking energy in structural change of DNA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

A Phosphine-mediated Synthesis of 2,3,4,5-tetra-substituted N-hydroxypyrroles from α-oximino Ketones and Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates Under Ionic Liquid Green-media.

BACKGROUND: The development of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) in the presence of task-specific ionic liquids (ILs), used not only as environmentally benign reaction media, but also as catalysts, is a new approach that meet with the requirements of sustainable chemistry. In recent years, the use of ionic liquids as a green media for organic synthesis has become a chief study area. This is due to their unique properties such as non-volatility, non-flammability, chemical and thermal stability, immiscibility with both organic compounds and water and recyclability. Ionic liquids are used as environmentally friendly solvents instead of hazardous organic solvents. OBJECTIVE: We report the condensation reaction between α-oximinoketone and dialkyl acetylene dicarboxylate in the presence of triphenylphosphine to afford substituted pyrroles under ionic liquid conditions in good yields. RESULT: Densely functionalized pyrroles was easily prepared from reaction of α-oximinoketones, dialkyl acetylene dicarboxylate in the presence of triphenylphosphine in a quantitative yield under ionic liquid conditions at room temperature. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, ionic liquids are indicated as a useful and novel reaction medium for the selective synthesis of functionalized pyrroles. This reaction medium can replace the use of hazardous organic solvents. Easy work-up, synthesis of polyfunctional compounds, decreased reaction time, having easily available-recyclable ionic liquids, and good to high yields are advantages of present method.

Synthesis of unsaturated α-acyloxybenzothiazoleamides via the Passerini three-component reaction.

4-Benzothiazol-2-ylamino-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid, prepared from reaction of 2-aminobenzothiazole and maleic anhydride, are used as an acid component in Passerini three-component reaction, under solvent-free media, to produce unsaturated α-benzothiazole acyloxyamides in good yields.