[Application of immunohistochemical study for the verification of diffuse axonal injury and determination of cause-and-effect relationships]. / Primenenie immunogistokhimicheskogo issledovaniia dlia verifikatsii diffuznogo aksonal'nogo povrezhdeniia i ustanovleniia prichinno-sledstvennykh sviazei.

Aim of this study is to establish a possibility of finding morphologic signs of diffuse axonal injury early after the injury. Use of immunohistochemical examination of the brain to detect protein ß-APP made it possible not only to diagnose this condition correctly, but also to reasonably and categorically answer the question of a causal relationship between causing damage and the onset of death.

[Certain modern methods for the diagnostics of gunshot injuries]. / Nekotorye sovremennye metody diagnostiki ognestrel'nykh povrezhdenii.

The objective of the present work was the analysis of the literature publications concerned with the modern approaches to the diagnostics of gunshot injuries with special reference to the most promising applications of the immunohistochemical methods. The use of certain antibodies for determining of intravitality and prescription of gunshot injuries is illustrated by concrete examples. It is concluded that further studies on the possibilities for the application of the immunohistochemical methods are needed.

[The role of the immunohistochemical investigations in the documentation of intravitality and severity of the gunshot injuries to the soft tissues]. / Rol' immunogistokhimicheskogo issledovaniia v ustanovlenii prizhiznennosti i vyrazhennosti ognestrel'nykh povrezhdenii miagkikh tkanei.

The objective of the present study was to determine intravitality and severity of a gunshot-inflicted trauma making use of the immunohistochemical (IGH) methods for the evaluation of the injury to the soft tissues of the wound canal. The immunohistochemical methods were employed to estimate the expression of fibrinogen and vimentin. The positive immunohistochemical reaction was obtained in the fibrinogen assay whereas the reaction in the zone of necrosis was negative. These findings give evidence of the thermal impact produced by the firearm projectile on the soft tissues. Deformation of the cytoskeleton registered in the IGH test for vimentin suggests its disintegration and therefore the severity of the injury. It is concluded that the investigations with the use of the immunohistochemical methods, make it possible to identify the affected parts of the wound canal.

[On the possibilities for the identification of the signs of the thermal impact of a gunshot associated with the formation of the resulting wound]. / O vozmozhnostiakh vyiavleniia priznakov termicheskogo vozdeistviia faktorov vystrela pri formirovanii ognestrel'nykh ran.

The present review of the literature publications is focused on the methods designed for the identification of the signs of the thermal impact of a gunshot associated with the formation of the resulting wound inflicted by various firearm projectiles. The historical and contemporary aspects of this topic are discussed with special reference to the immunodiagnostics as a new method extending the possibilities of forensic medical histology for the evaluation of the injuries to the soft tissues under the influence of thermal factors of the gunshot producing the firearm trauma.

[The detection of the biomolecular markers of the axonal damage resulting from the craniocerebral injury by the immunohistological methods]. / Immunogistokhimicheskaia detektsiia biomolekuliarnykh markerov aksonal'nogo povrezhdeniia pri cherepno-mozgovoi travme.

The objective of the present study was to define and evaluate the parameters of validity of the diagnostic signs of the diffuse axonal damage resulting from the craniocerebral injury with the use of the immunohistological reaction for the presence of amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) in the brain tissue associated with the craniocerebral injury. Both histological and immunological methods were used. The positive beta-APP reaction was documented in 2 of the six cases. It is concluded that the positive results of the immunohistological reaction for the presence of beta-APP protein provide an additional information about the mechanism behind the damage and confirm the diagnosis of the craniocerebral injury in the cases when its macroscopic signs are either absent or unapparent.

[The importance of marker proteins of the nervous tissue for morphological diagnostics of the craniocerebral injury]. / Znachenie belkov-markerov nervnoi tkani dlia morfologicheskoi diagnostiki cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

The present review of the literature involves 50 publications concerning various substrates of importance as the biological markers of axonal damages with special reference to the secondary molecular and cellular mechanisms on which to base in vitro and in vivo modeling of the craniocerebral injury. The results of the investigations with the application of mass-spectrometry for the identification of the proteins specifically synthesized in response to the injury are presented; their biological functions are described. The use of the sequential microscopic imaging technique and the immunohistochemical methods made it possible to determine that the majority of the marker proteins are involved in the specific intracellular processes that are triggered in response to the traumatic impact including apoptosis, proliferation, formation of lamellipodia, axon regeneration, actin remodeling, cell migration and inflammation. In addition, a rise in the amount of intracellular actin-associated proteins has been observed. It is concluded that the investigations into the properties and the physiological role of beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) are of special value for the characteristic of nervous tissue damages and morphological diagnostics of the craniocerebral injury.

[The interstitial disease of the lungs revealed by a histological study]. / Interstitsial'noe zabolevanie legkikh, ustanovlennoe gistologicheskim issledovaniem.

The authors report a case of the interstitial disease of the lungs revealed by a histological study that demonstrated intravital diagnostic faults in the patient in question. Moreover, a postmortem diagnostic error occurred; namely, the macroscopic study of the thoracic organs had shown the 0.5 cm long linear rupture of the adhesion in the right lung root region that was considered to be the cause of hemothorax and anemia of the internal organs which supposedly resulted in the patient's death. The definitive diagnosis of interstitial disease of the lungs was established based on the results of the histological study. The histological picture of the process is illustrated.