ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the acute effects of application of 2% pilocarpine on pulsatile ocular blood flow. METHODS: In a randomised prospective controlled study of an exploratory nature, 18 subjects with ocular hypertension had pilocarpine 2% eye drops instilled into a randomly chosen eye three times at 10 min intervals. Physiological saline was instilled into the contralateral control eye. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) measurements were taken before the first application and 90 min after the last application using the OBF tonometer (OBF Laboratory, Wilts, UK). Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: Of the 18 patients who entered the trial, 2 were suggested by the OBF system software as having 'poorly reliable' data. The analysis was made on the remaining 16. There was a significant reduction in IOP at 90 min for the treated eye in comparison with the contralateral control eye (p = 0.001; median difference -4.25 mmHg; 95% confidence interval, -5.85 to -2.40). There was a significant increase in POBF at 90 min in the treated eye in comparison with the contralateral control eye (p < 0.001; median difference 4.60 microl/s; 95% confidence interval, 2.35 to 6.75). CONCLUSION: Acute application of pilocarpine 2% drops increased POBF to a significant extent in untreated ocular hypertension.
Subject(s)
Eye/blood supply , Muscarinic Agonists/pharmacology , Ocular Hypertension/physiopathology , Pilocarpine/pharmacology , Pulsatile Flow/drug effects , Aged , Confidence Intervals , Female , Humans , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Male , Middle Aged , Miotics/pharmacology , Ophthalmic Solutions , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
We report a technique of neodymium: YAG laser parabolic anterior capsulotomy in an extreme case of capsule contraction syndrome with complete occlusion of the central opening and intraocular lens (IOL) displacement. This technique achieves both optical and mechanical benefits of a clear visual axis and possible prevention of further IOL decentration.
Subject(s)
Laser Therapy/methods , Lens Capsule, Crystalline/surgery , Lens Diseases/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Fibrosis/pathology , Fibrosis/surgery , Humans , Lens Capsule, Crystalline/pathology , Lens Diseases/pathology , Phacoemulsification , Syndrome , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Dantrolene (2.45 mg/kg body weight, range 2 to 4) was administered iv in eight heat stroke (HS) patients and compared with a control group of 12 patients of similar age, weight, and temperature range (41.9 degrees to 44 degrees C). Body surface cooling was conducted in air conditioned rooms at temperatures of 18 degrees to 23 degrees C. Mean cooling time in the dantrolene group was 49.7 +/- 4.4 (SEM) min, whereas cooling time in the control group was 69.2 +/- 4.8 min. The decrease in temperature was significantly greater in the dantrolene group, for whom the cooling time was decreased by about 19.5 min (p less than .01). Although cooling time was significantly shorter in the dantrolene group, there was no difference in the recovery of both groups. Dantrolene is an expensive drug and justification for its routine use in HS remains to be evaluated.
