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1.
Environ Technol ; 43(3): 460-468, 2022 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32619389

ABSTRACT

Calcium oxide incorporated porous carbon materials were synthesized by the impregnation method to study CO2 adsorption and separation of CO2/CH4. The X-ray diffraction, Raman analysis, N2 isotherms at 77 K, and SEM with EDX analysis were used to characterize synthesized materials. XRD and N2 isotherm results have confirmed that synthesized carbon has porosity, and EDX analysis has reported that the presence of CaO on porous carbon. 10CaO/porous carbon has shown 31 cm3 g-1 of CO2 adsorption which was higher than bare porous carbon CO2 adsorption 17.5 cm3 g-1 at 298 K, 1 bar. It was attributed to electrostatic interaction between CaO and CO2. However, CH4 adsorption was decreased by a decrease in surface area. The selectivity of CO2/CH4 was higher for 10CaO/porous carbon and the heat of CO2 adsorption was 36 KJ/mol at high adsorption of CO2. Moreover, CO2 adsorption was the same in each adsorption cycle.


Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide , Carbon , Adsorption , Calcium Compounds , Oxides , Porosity
2.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol ; 35(5): e22733, 2021 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33605003

ABSTRACT

The untreated systemic chronic inflammation leads to autoimmune diseases, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, and so on. Phytochemicals effectively inhibit the inflammation, and numerous studies have proved that the phytocomponents possess anti-inflammatory property via inhibiting the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase signaling pathways. Rhaponticin is one such phytochemical obtained from the perennial plant Rheum rhaponticum L. belonging to Polygonaceae family. We assessed the anti-inflammatory potency of rhaponticin in endothelial cells induced with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Four different endothelial cells induced with LPS were treated with rhaponticin and assessed for the nitric oxide generation. The cytotoxic potency of rhaponticin was evaluated in endothelial cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthizaol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) synthesis was quantified using the commercially available assay kit. The inflammatory signaling protein gene expression of TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) was analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The gene expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) cytoplasmic catalytic subunits gp91phox , p47phox , and p22phox was assessed with real-time PCR analysis. Finally, to confirm the anti-inflammatory potency of rhaponticin, the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling protein expression was analyzed with immunoblotting analysis. Rhaponticin treatment significantly decreased the levels of nitric oxide and TNF-α synthesis in LPS-induced endothelial cells. It significantly decreased the gene expression of inflammatory proteins and NOX signaling protein. The protein expression of NFκB and MAPK signaling proteins was drastically decreased in rhaponticin-treated endothelial cells induced with LPS. Overall, our results confirm that rhaponticin effectively inhibited the inflammation triggered by LPS in endothelial cells via downregulating iNOS, COX2, and NFκB and MAPK signaling pathways.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity , MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Stilbenes/pharmacology , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/pathology , Humans
3.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol ; 35(1): e22619, 2021 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32894623

ABSTRACT

Panaxydol (PX), a polyacetylenic compound isolated from the roots of Panax notoginseng, is found to possess various biological functions. However, its protective effects against aristolochic acid (AA)-induced renal injury have not been elucidated yet. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the renoprotective effect of PX on Wistar male rats via activating Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway. Experimental animals were randomized into four groups, such as control group, I/R group, AA (5 mg/kg/d; ip for 10 days), and AA-induced rats treated with PX (10 and 20 mg/kg/d; po for 20 days). At the end of the experimental period, the rats were killed, and the biochemical parameters denoting renal functions were evaluated; histological analysis displaying the renal tissue architecture, real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of Keap1-Nrf2/ARE genes were elucidated. The results demonstrated that the rats administered with AA displayed a significant increase in the blood urea nitrogen level with an increased urine creatinine and protein excretion. Also, the serum levels of urea, uric acid, and albumin levels were increased. Furthermore, the histological evaluation denoted the cellular degeneration with increased tissue lipid peroxidation levels. In contrast, rats administered with PX significantly prevented the tissue degeneration with improved antioxidant levels. Conversely, PX treatment increased the messenger RNA expression of Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1 with an attenuated expression of 4HNE and NOX-4 levels in IHC analysis. Thus, the results of the present study suggest that PX could suppress AA-induced renal failure by suppressing oxidative stress through the activation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway.


Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control , Aristolochic Acids/adverse effects , Diynes/pharmacology , Fatty Alcohols/pharmacology , Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism , Kidney/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism , Acute Kidney Injury/pathology , Animals , Aristolochic Acids/pharmacology , Kidney/pathology , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar
4.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 153: 146-157, 2020 Jun 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32114168

ABSTRACT

The biocomposites of polypyrrole (PPY), polyaniline (PANI) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) with cellulosic biomass barley husk (BH) were prepared and employed for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) form aqueous media. The sorption of 2,4-DCP was studied using native and biocomposites (PPY/BH, PANI/BH and NaAlg/BH) as function of various process variables. The maximum sorption (qe, 7.55-24.57 mg/g) of 2,4-DCP was achieved in the range of 7-10 pH, 0.05 g composite dose, 25 mg/L initial concentration of 2,4-DCP and 120 min contact time at 30 °C. The FTIR analysis revealed the involvement of amino, hydroxyl and carboxylic groups for the binding of 2,4-DCP on the surface of biocomposites. The Freundlich and pseudo second order kinetics models best explained the 2,4-DCP adsorption on to the biocomposites. The ∆G, ∆H and ∆S parameters were also computed, which revealed the favorable and exothermic adsorption nature of 2,4-DCP. Presence of salts affected the 2,4-DCP adsorption negatively. HCl found to be efficient desorbing agent for 2,4-DCP from composites and up to 65.12% was eluted using 0.5 N solution. In view of promising efficiency, the biocomposites have potential to remove 2,4-DCP form industrial effluents.


Subject(s)
Alginates/chemistry , Aniline Compounds/chemistry , Biomass , Cellulose/chemistry , Chlorophenols/isolation & purification , Polymers/chemistry , Pyrroles/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification , Water Purification , Chlorophenols/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
5.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 150: 861-870, 2020 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32057879

ABSTRACT

Rapid industrialization is polluting the water resources and is becoming a serious environmental issue. In present study, the adsorption-desorption behavior of Direct Orange-26 (DO-26), Direct Red-31 (DR-31), Direct Blue-67 (DB-67) and Ever direct Orange-3GL (EDO-3) dyes on to native, modified rice husk (MRH), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and alginate (ALG) immobilized biomasses were investigated under different experimental conditions. For adsorbent modification, physical and chemical treatments were performed. The results showed that HCl pre-treatment considerably increased the sorption capacity of dyes versus native biomass. The sorption data were optimized using pseudo 1st order, intra-particle diffusion, pseudo 2nd order and Elovich models. The results revealed that the two-step rate equation was followed for the desorption kinetics of dyes. The involvement of -OH (hydroxyl), -COOH (carboxylic) and -NH2 (amino) groups in the adsorption of dyes onto biomasses was shown by FTIR analysis. Studies exhibited that among adsorbents employed, the MRH has the excellent potential for the dyes degradation from textile effluents.


Subject(s)
Alginates/chemistry , Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/chemistry , Coloring Agents/chemistry , Oryza/chemistry , Polyvinyl Alcohol/chemistry , Adsorption , Azo Compounds , Biomass , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Immobilization/methods , Kinetics , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Water Purification
6.
J Photochem Photobiol B ; 203: 111773, 2020 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31931385

ABSTRACT

Glioma is the prime cause of cancer allied mortality in adolescent people and it accounts about 80% of all malignant tumours. Eugenol is a major bioactive constituent present in the essential oils with numerous pharmacological benefits including nueroprotective activity. The major drawback of eugenol is its extreme volatile property and oxygen sensitivity therefore we increased the efficacy of drug; eugenol by encapsulating with chitosan polymer. Eugenol loaded chitosan polymer (EuCs) was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM analysis and the encapsulation, drug release efficacy was assessed at in vitro condition. The induction of autophagy and anticancer efficacy of EuCs on glioma cells was evaluated with rat C6 glioma cells using MTT assay, acridine orange staining, immunocytochemical analysis of NFκß protein expression and FLOW cytometric analysis. The anti-metastatic property of Eu-CS was assessed by immunoblotting and RT-PCR analysis of epithelial mesenchymal transition protein expression in EuCs treated rat C6 glioma cells. Our characterization analysis proves that EuCs possess essential physical and functional properties of copolymer to be utilized as a drug. Further the MTT analysis and AO staining confirms even in the presence of oncogenic inducer and autophagic inhibitors, EuCs exhibits apoptotic potency on rat C6 glioma cells. The result of immunocytochemical studies depicts the inhibition of NFκß protein expression and flow cytometry studies confirm apoptosis induction by EuCs. The inhibition of metastasis by EuCs was proven by the decrease in epithelial mesenchymal transition protein expression in Eu-Cs treated rat C6 glioma cells. Over all our results authentically confirms eugenol loaded chitosan nanopolymer persuasively induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis in rat C6 glioma cells.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Apoptosis/drug effects , Chitosan/chemistry , Eugenol/chemistry , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , Nanostructures/chemistry , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Eugenol/pharmacology , Glioma/metabolism , Glioma/pathology , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Rats , Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/metabolism
7.
Pharmacol Res ; 150: 104504, 2019 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31678208

ABSTRACT

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to a phenomenon through which epithelial cells develop the metastatic and invasive potential, which are closely related to carcinogenesis. Farnesol (FOH) obtained from the oils of diverse plants can exhibit significant therapeutic actions against obesity, diabetes, inflammatory conditions and cancers. Here, we evaluated the potential effects of FOH on growth and metastasis and it was observed that FOH significantly abrogated cell proliferation in lung cancer cells. Moreover, FOH inhibited cell repair movement by wound healing assay and reduced cell adhesion. It suppressed the expression of mesenchymal genes such as fibronectin, vimentin, N-cadherin, twist, and snail, and increased expression of epithelial genes such as occludin and E-cadherin. It also attenuated the migration and invasion through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, FOH inhibited the tumor growth of xenograft mouse lung cancer model, and modulated the expression of mesenchymal and epithelial markers. The results suggest that FOH may block the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and thus exhibit anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic activity against lung cancer cells.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects , Farnesol/pharmacology , Farnesol/therapeutic use , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Cell Line , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Mice, Nude , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Wound Healing/drug effects
8.
Molecules ; 24(17)2019 Aug 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31466313

ABSTRACT

Fangchinoline (FCN) derived from Stephaniae tetrandrine S. Moore can be employed to treat fever, inflammation, rheumatism arthralgia, edema, dysuria, athlete's foot, and swollen wet sores. FCN can exhibit a plethora of anti-neoplastic effects although its precise mode of action still remains to be deciphered. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) can closely regulate carcinogenesis and thus we analyzed the possible action of FCN may have on these two signaling cascades in tumor cells. The effect of FCN on NF-κB and AP-1 signaling cascades and its downstream functions was deciphered using diverse assays in both human chronic myeloid leukemia (KBM5) and multiple myeloma (U266). FCN attenuated growth of both leukemic and multiple myeloma cells and repressed NF-κB, and AP-1 activation through diverse mechanisms, including attenuation of phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) and p65. Furthermore, FCN could also cause significant enhancement in TNFα-driven apoptosis as studied by various molecular techniques. Thus, FCN may exhibit potent anti-neoplastic effects by affecting diverse oncogenic pathways and may be employed as pro-apoptotic agent against various malignancies.


Subject(s)
Benzylisoquinolines/pharmacology , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism , Multiple Myeloma/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Humans , I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy , Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Phosphorylation/drug effects , Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
9.
Biomolecules ; 9(7)2019 07 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31284669

ABSTRACT

Here, we determined the anti-neoplastic actions of formononetin (FT) against multiple myeloma (MM) and elucidated its possible mode of action. It was observed that FT enhanced the apoptosis caused by bortezomib (Bor) and mitigated proliferation in MM cells, and these events are regulated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation. We further noted that FT treatment reduced the levels of diverse tumorigenic proteins involved in myeloma progression and survival. Interestingly, we observed that FT also blocked persistent NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and AP-1 activation in myeloma cells. FT suppressed the activation of these oncogenic cascades by affecting a number of signaling molecules involved in their cellular regulation. In addition, FT augmented tumor growth-inhibitory potential of Bor in MM preclinical mouse model. Thus, FT can be employed with proteasomal inhibitors for myeloma therapy by regulating the activation of diverse oncogenic transcription factors involved in myeloma growth.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Bortezomib/pharmacology , Isoflavones/pharmacology , Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Female , Humans , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Multiple Myeloma/metabolism , Multiple Myeloma/pathology , NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism , Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Structure-Activity Relationship , Transcription Factor AP-1/antagonists & inhibitors , Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
10.
Phytomedicine ; 59: 152907, 2019 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30981183

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cycloastragenol (CAG), a triterpene aglycone is commonly prescribed for treating hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, viral hepatitis, and various inflammatory-linked diseases. HYPOTHESIS: We investigated CAG for its action on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation cascades, and its potential to sensitize gastric cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. METHODS: The effect of CAG on STAT3 phosphorylation and other hallmarks of cancer was deciphered using diverse assays in both SNU-1 and SNU-16 cells. RESULTS: We observed that CAG exhibited cytotoxic activity against SNU-1 and SNU-16 cells to a greater extent as compared to normal GES-1 cells. CAG predominantly caused negative regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705 through the abrogation of Src and Janus-activated kinases (JAK1/2) activation. We noted that CAG impaired translocation of STAT3 protein as well as its DNA binding activity. It further decreased cellular proliferation and mediated its anticancer effects predominantly by causing substantial apoptosis rather than autophagy. In addition, CAG potentiated paclitaxel-induced anti-oncogenic effects in gastric tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that CAG can function to impede STAT3 activation in human gastric tumor cells and therefore it may be a suitable candidate agent for therapy of gastric cancer.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis/drug effects , Paclitaxel/pharmacology , STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism , Sapogenins/pharmacology , Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Humans , Janus Kinase 1 , Janus Kinase 2/metabolism , Paclitaxel/administration & dosage , Phosphorylation/drug effects , Phytotherapy , STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics , Sapogenins/administration & dosage , Signal Transduction/drug effects
11.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 160: 254-264, 2017 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28942160

ABSTRACT

Osteosarcoma or osteogenic sarcoma is the most common and prevalent cancerous tumor of bone and occurs especially in children and teens. Recent treatment strategy includes a combination of both chemotherapy and surgeries. Although, the use of single drug-based chemotherapy treatment remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, combinatorial therapy has emerged as a potential strategy for treatment with limited side- effects. Here, we evaluated the combinatorial anticancerous effect of cisplatin (CIS) and doxorubicin (DOX) bioconjugated bromelain encapsulated gold nanoparticles (B-AuNPs conjugated CIS and DOX) in the treatment of osteosarcoma. The synthesized B-AuNPs conjugated CIS and DOX were characterized by various characterization techniques like UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM, DLS and zeta potential to ensure the synthesis, size, shape, size distribution and stability. Drug loading efficiency bioconjugation of CIS and DOX was ensured by UV-vis spectroscopy. Bioconjugation of CIS and DOX was further confirmed using UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, Zeta potential and FT-IR analysis. The combinatorial effect of CIS and DOX in B-AuNPs conjugated CIS and DOX showed highly improved potency against MG-63 and Saos-2 cells at a very low concentration where primary osteoblasts didn't show any cytotoxic effect. The apoptotic effect of B-AuNPs conjugated CIS and DOX on osteosarcoma and primary osteoblasts cells were analyzed by increased permeability of the cell membrane, condensed chromatin and deep blue fluorescent condensed nucleus. The results clearly showed that B-AuNPs conjugated CIS and DOX significantly improved the potency of both the chemotherapeutic drugs by delivering them specifically into the nucleus of cancer cells through caveolae-dependent endocytosis. Thus, the greater inhibitory effect of combinatorial drugs (B-AuNPs conjugated CIS and DOX) over single drug based chemotherapy would be of great advantage during osteosarcoma treatment.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanoconjugates/chemistry , Osteoblasts/drug effects , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Membrane Permeability , Cell Nucleus/drug effects , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cisplatin/chemistry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Doxorubicin/chemistry , Drug Combinations , Drug Compounding/methods , Endocytosis , Gold/chemistry , Humans , Osteoblasts/metabolism , Osteoblasts/pathology
12.
Curr Ther Res Clin Exp ; 65(5): 423-32, 2004 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24672095

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The emergence of infection caused by invasive penicillinnonsusceptible (PNS) and multidrug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae has become a worldwide concern, necessitating the epidemiologic surveillance of such strains. OBJECTIVES: One aim of this study was to identify clones of invasive PNS S pneumoniae among isolates in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The second aim was to compare these clones with international clones to track their spread in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The phenotypes of invasive isolates characterized as S pneumoniae were determined using susceptibility testing and serotyping (capsular test and E-test). The genotypes of PNS isolates were determined using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. The genetic relatedness of these local strains to the international widespread clones was investigated. RESULTS: Of 296 S pneumoniae isolates identified using biochemical and culture characteristics, 89 (30.1%) were invasive. Susceptibility testing using the E-test revealed that 17 of the 89 invasive isolates (19.1%) were PNS. Most of the 89 isolates (89.9%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; 32.6% and 23.6% of isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline, respectively. All of the isolates (100.0%) were fully susceptible to ceftriaxone and vancomycin. Capsular serotyping of the 89 isolates showed that 19A (18.0%), 613 (14.6%), 23F (13.5%), 9V (11.2%), 14 (6.7%), 19F (5.6%), and 18C (4.5%) were the most predominant serogroups/serotypes. The 17 PNS strains were confirmed on polymerase chain reaction to have penicillin resistance genes. Of these 17 strains, international clone 19A-a was the most predominant (41.2%), followed by 6B-a (17.6%), and 23F-a and 9V-a (each, 11.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The present study identified the spread of the 4 most commonPNS S pneumoniae isolates (clones)-19A, 613, 23F, and 9V-to Riyadh, but identified no new clones among patients having invasive infection with S pneumoniae in Riyadh. This study emphasizes that international PNS clones have contributed to the prevalence and spread of PNS pneumococci among the clinical isolates in Saudi Arabia.

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