ABSTRACT
Spoligotyping can help assess the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. We aimed to study the genotyping of M. tuberculosis isolated from patients with tuberculosis from the west of Iran by spoligotyping. Forty-seven M. tuberculosis isolates were collected from the west of Iran. All samples were cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen medium incubated at 37°C for 8 weeks. Bacterial isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis using standard biochemical tests. Drug resistance patterns of M. tuberculosis to rifampicin and isoniazid were determined, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were isolated. After DNA extraction, spoligotyping was performed. We found new spoligotypes 4162 and 4163, which correlated with atypical lineage. Atypical and unknown lineages also had correlations with the MDR tuberculosis rate (4%). The most prevalent spoligointernational types were orphan (34%), 2669 (23.4%) and 127 (14.8%) types. The most prevalent clades were Ural-2 (NEW-1) (25.53%) and atypical (23.40%) lineages. The predominant clade was Ural-2 (NEW-1) and an atypical lineage restricted to Iran. The rate of MDR was low. Knowledge of the circulating isolates in the west of Iran will help implement control programmes, so knowledge of the dynamic transmission of local isolates is crucial.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the human population. Despite significant efforts committed in treatment of OSCC the overall survival rate of OSCC has not improved significantly. Activating mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) genes are responsible for some human cancers, including bladder and cervical carcinoma. Despite a high frequency in some benign skin disorders, FGFR3 mutations have not been reported in cutaneous malignancies. Therefore, FGFR3 gene may play a role in epithelial biology and mutations of FGFR3 gene may contribute to the development of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, DNA was extracted and purified from snap frozen tissue biopsy sections of 20 OSCC cases. Exons 7 and 15 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced in both directions. RESULTS: In three cases silent mutations were identified in exon 7 (882 T to C) which may be introduced as Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and no mutation was identified in exon 15. CONCLUSION: FGFR3 gene mutation in exon 7 and 15 has no significant role in the development and progression of OSCC. Analyzing other exons or considering other advanced gene mutation assessment techniques may clarify the role of this receptor mutation in OSCC pathogenesis.
