ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Euryale ferox Salisb. (Makhana) is a rooted macro-hydrophyte, grown as a crop in north Bihar wetlands, India. Makhana refers to yummy pops prepared through mechanical smacking of the baked seeds of E. ferox. New techniques have been evolved to produce pops from seeds at a brisk pace. OBJECTIVE: It is specially associated with marital rituals possibly in view of its spermatogenic properties. It has a high amino acid index but a low glycemic value. The plant carries medicinal values against cardiovascular and diabetes-related diseases. Makhana pops with a high volume to mass ratio, is developed as a reliable system for drug delivery in the recent times. RESULTS: There is a fair prospect of raising multi-faceted industry based on Makhana culture, harvest, post-harvest safety, preparation of pops and various types of food products therefrom and marketing in areas where water-logging is considered as a curse. It may generate employment and strengthen regional economy propping check on population migration primarily due to non-employment and poverty. CONCLUSION: Active research is required to harness this macro-hydrophyte along with co-culture of compatible fish varieties and other hydrophytes into a sustainable livelihood and economic prosperity.
Subject(s)
Aquaculture/methods , Nutritional Sciences/methods , Nymphaeaceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Seeds/chemistry , Animals , Aquaculture/trends , Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Humans , India/epidemiology , Nutritional Sciences/trends , Nymphaeaceae/physiology , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Seeds/physiologyABSTRACT
Hurdle technology is used in industrialized as well as in developing countries for the gentle but effective preservation of foods. Hurdle technology was developed several years ago as a new concept for the production of safe, stable, nutritious, tasty, and economical foods. Previously hurdle technology, i.e., a combination of preservation methods, was used empirically without much knowledge of the governing principles. The intelligent application of hurdle technology has become more prevalent now, because the principles of major preservative factors for foods (e.g., temperature, pH, aw, Eh, competitive flora), and their interactions, became better known. Recently, the influence of food preservation methods on the physiology and behavior of microorganisms in foods, i.e. their homeostasis, metabolic exhaustion, stress reactions, are taken into account, and the novel concept of multi-target food preservation emerged. The present contribution reviews the concept of the potential hurdles for foods, the hurdle effect, and the hurdle technology for the prospects of the future goal of a multi-target preservation of foods.
Subject(s)
Bacteria/growth & development , Food Microbiology , Food Preservation/methods , Cheese/microbiology , Desiccation/methods , Fruit , Homeostasis , Hot Temperature , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Oxidation-Reduction , Time Factors , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
In large scale apple juice industry, about 75% of apple is utilized for juice and the remaining 25% is the by-product, apple pomace. In India, total production of apple pomace is about 1 million tons per annum and only approximately 10,000 tons of apple pomace is being utilized. Generally, apple pomace is thrown away, which causes environmental pollution. As the pomace is a part of fruit, it has potential for being converted into edible products. Apple pomace is a rich source of carbohydrate, pectin, crude fiber, and minerals, and as such is a good source of nutrients. This paper reviews the work done to utilize this precious resource, which can prove useful for setting up of small scale industries.
