[Clinical and x-ray features of lung lesions in influenza uncomplicated and complicated by pneumonia]. / Kliniko-rentgenologicheskie osobennosti porazhenii legkikh pri ne oslozhnennom i oslozhnennom pnevmoniei grippe.

Clinical and X-ray features of pulmonary lesions were studied in 858 inpatients with pneumonia-complicated and uncomplicated influenza. This showed it possible to establish a clinical and X-ray diagnosis of viral pulmonary lesions in the early period of infection. There was a correlation between influenza toxicosis and the magnitude of lung X-ray changes. There were variations in the X-ray pattern of secondary pneumonia in relation to the time of their occurrence.

[Mortality and lethality of influenza and acute respiratory diseases]. / Smertnost i letalnost ot grippa i ORZ.

Analysis of mortality and lethality rates due to influenza, acute respiratory disease (ARD), and acute pneumonia in adults has revealed a higher proportion in an old-age group (over 60 years) than in younger-age ones (15-30-year olds). Moreover, these figures have been found to have increased twice in the old-age group in the last two decades. At the same time the lethality rates due to acute pneumonia have been reported to be 8-12 times higher in inpatients over 60 years of age (a high-risk group) than those in younger adults and 3-4 times higher than those in the middle-age group. The extremely severe course of pneumonia-associated influenza characterized by toxicosis, pulmonary and cardiovascular insufficiency has been observed in most death victims.

[Photochemotherapy in the treatment of acute pneumonias]. / Ispolzovanie fotogemoterapii v lechenii ostrykh pnevmonii.

The application of photochemotherapy in acute pneumonia is based on pneumonia pathogenesis and the mechanism of ALIB- (autotransfusion of laser irradiated blood) and AUVBI- (autotransfusion of ultraviolet blood irradiation) techniques. The ALIB is preferable since the technique requires no device sterilization. The complex treatment of acute pneumonia with ALIB and AUVBI was found to enhance therapeutic efficacy, to decrease the severity of the disease course, to reduce its duration and hospital stay in inpatients. No considerable impact of ALIB on the duration of pneumonia was observed, but X-ray examination revealed a definite reduction in pulmonary microcirculatory disorders. Laser therapy promotes the normalization of functional T-lymphocytic activity. ALIB should be applied individually and in relation to the severity of the disease, to the distribution of an inflammatory pulmonary process and to the duration of the disease course.

[Current approaches to the treatment of severe influenza]. / Sovremennye podkhody k lecheniiu tiazhelykh form grippa.

The complex pathogenetic therapy of severe (complicated) forms of influenza infection is proposed. The drugs with antioxidant, antiprotease or immunomodulating activities are used for the purpose. The clinical character of infection or stage of pathologic process are considered for appropriate drug application. The advantages of drugs with diversified mechanisms of action involved in the complex treatment of influenza are demonstrated.

[Etiology of acute pneumonia occurring against a background of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections]. / Etiologiia ostroi pnevmonii, protekaiushchei na fone grippa i drugikh ostrykh respiratornykh virusnykh infektsii.

The etiology of acute pneumonia (AP) was studied in 229 patients who had the disease simultaneously with influenza (106 patients), other viral and mycoplasmal infections (48 patients), and without concomitant acute viral infections (75 patients). The use of the quantitative microbiological method and the indirect immunofluorescence test with autostrains or Streptococcus pneumoniae strains of serotypes 2, 3, and 6, prevailing in Leningrad in patients with acute inflammatory diseases of the lungs, made it possible to find out the pneumococcal etiology of AP in 95% of patients irrespective of the presence of acute respiratory viral infections. The etiological role of opportunistic bacteria was revealed in 13 AP patients (5.7%); in 2 of them the causative agent of AP was Staphylococcus aureus and in 11, various species of Gram-negative enterobacteria. The latter were the cause of complications in 8 cases of pneumococcal pneumonia.

T lymphocytes as an indicator in influenza vaccination, influenza and acute respiratory diseases.

Significant differences in T-lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood of normal subject and volunteers vaccinated with live and inactivated influenza vaccines as well as patients with influenza and viral acute respiratory diseases (ARD) were demonstrated. A laboratory test using T lymphocytes was proposed for the evaluation of the safety of live influenza vaccine.

[Results of a study of some methods of differentiating M. pneumoniae strains by the virulence of the degree of attenuation]. / Rezul'taty izucheniia nekotorykh metodov differentsiatsii shtammov M. pneumoniae po virulentnosti stepeni attenuatsii

Study of five M. pneumoniae strains by the intensity of hemolysis and hemadsorption demonstrated no definite differences between them. Experiments on Cricetus auratus W. showed a higher virulence of the strains isolated from the patients with pneumonia in comparison with the strains isolated in acute respiratory diseases of the upper respiratory tracts. Attenuated straines were characterized by a weak intensity to reproduction in the lung tissue of Cricetus auratus W. and mildness of the histopathological changes which they caused.