Indole produced during dysbiosis mediates host-microorganism chemical communication.

An imbalance of the gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, has a substantial impact on host physiology. However, the mechanism by which host deals with gut dysbiosis to maintain fitness remains largely unknown. In Caenorhabditis elegans, Escherichia coli, which is its bacterial diet, proliferates in its intestinal lumen during aging. Here, we demonstrate that progressive intestinal proliferation of E. coli activates the transcription factor DAF-16, which is required for maintenance of longevity and organismal fitness in worms with age. DAF-16 up-regulates two lysozymes lys-7 and lys-8, thus limiting the bacterial accumulation in the gut of worms during aging. During dysbiosis, the levels of indole produced by E. coli are increased in worms. Indole is involved in the activation of DAF-16 by TRPA-1 in neurons of worms. Our finding demonstrates that indole functions as a microbial signal of gut dysbiosis to promote fitness of the host.

A new Tseng method for supply chain network equilibrium model.

To solve the equilibrium problem of the supply chain network, a new subgradient extragradient method is introduced. The proposal achieves adaptive parameter selection, and supports a one-step subgradient projection operator, which can theoretically reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm. The introduction of subgradient projection operators makes the calculation of algorithms easier, and transforms the projection difficulty problem into how to find suitable sub-differential function problems. The given convergence proof further shows the advantages of the proposed algorithm. Finally, the presented algorithm is operated to a concrete supply chain network model. The comparisons show the proposed algorithm is better than other methods in term of CPU running time and iteration steps.

Effect of dangua recipe on glycolipid metabolism and VCAM-1 and its mRNA expression level in Apo E(-/-) mice with diabetes mellitus / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Dangua Recipe (DGR) on glycolipid metabolism, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and its mRNA expression level of transgenic Apo E(-/-) mouse with spontaneous atherosclerosis, thus revealing its partial mechanism for curing diabetes mellitus (DM) with angiopathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Diabetic model was prepared by peritoneally injecting streptozotocin (STZ) to Apo E(-/-) mouse. Totally 32 modeled mice were stratified by body weight, and then divided into 4 groups referring to blood glucose levels from low to high by random digit table, i.e., the model group (MOD, fed with sterile water, at the daily dose of 15 mL/kg), the DGR group (fed with DGR at the daily dose of 15 mL/kg), the combination group (COM, fed with DGR at the daily dose of 15 mL/kg and pioglitazone at the daily dose of 4.3 mg/kg), and the pioglitazone group (PIO, at the daily dose of 4.3 mg/kg), 8 in each group. Another 8 normal glucose C57 mouse of the same age and strain were recruited as the control group. All interventions lasted for 12 weeks by gastrogavage. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight, food intake, water intake, skin temperature, the length of tail, and the degree of fatty liver were monitored. The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL-C were determined. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) was determined by radioimmunoassay. Nitrogen monoxidum (NO) was determined by nitrate reductase. The kidney tissue VCAM-1 level was analyzed with ELISA. The expression of VCAM-1 mRNA in the kidney tissue was detected with real time quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the body weight and food intake decreased, water intake increased in all the other model groups (P < 0.05). Besides, the curve of blood glucose was higher in all the other model groups than in the control group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the body weight increased; levels of HbAlc, TC, LDL-C, ET-1, and VCAM-1 were significantly lower; and skin temperature was higher in the DGR group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the PIO group, body weight, the increment of body weight, FBG, TC, and LDL-C were lower (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); food intake and water intake increased more and the tail length was longer in the DRG group (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the level of NO among groups. The degree of fatty liver in the model group was significantly severer than that in the control group (P < 0.05). It was obviously alleviated in the DGR group (P < 0.05) when compared with the model group and the PIO group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). But it was severer in the PIO group than in the model group (P < 0.01). The degree of fatty liver in the combination group ranged between that of the DGR group and the PIO group (P < 0.05). The level of VCAM-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the DGR group than in the model group, the PIO group, and the combination group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DGR had effect in lowering blood glucose and blood lipids, and fighting against fatty liver of transgenic Apo E(-/-) mouse with spontaneous atherosclerosis. DGR played an effective role in preventing and treating DM with angiopathy by comprehensively regulating glycolipid metabolism and promoting the vascular function.</p>

The biomechanical study and clinical application of monosegmental pedicle instrumentation by endplate method in the fracture vertebrae for thoracolumbar fracture / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the biomechanical and clinical effect of the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture with monosegmental pedicle instrumentation in the fracture vertebrae by endplate method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four porcine thoracolumbal spinal model, divided into four groups randomly, compared the stability of these four groups through pull-out testing. Retrospective study of 49 patients with thoracolumbar fracture who were treated with this technique, to observe the fusion of bone graft, the height of the anterior and posterior range, the angle of kyphosis and the volume of spinal canal, the loss of rectification, low back pain, and the limitation of activity of lumbar.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The endplate method group is more stability than the parallel method group, and the pedicle screw in the fracture vertebrae can get enough stability. After operation all 49 cases achieved satisfactory reduction, strong bone fusion, no reduction loss, no refractoriness low back pain, limitation of motion of lumbar et al.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Monosegmental pedicle instrumentation by endplate method in the fracture vertebrae for thoracolumbar fracture can get enough extraction stability, and get satisfied clinical effect.</p>