ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between various chronic mountain sickness (CMS) symptoms and cognitive performances and identify whether individual CMS symptom can be used as early warning signs of specific cognitive impairment in long-term high altitude migrators. METHODS: A total of 287 workers living at an altitude of 3850 m for 1-5 years participated in the study. According to the International Qinghai CMS Diagnostic Criteria, a questionnaire survey was conducted to measure the existence and severity of 7 self-perceptible CMS symptoms in addition to hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the blood. Six neurobehavioral tests were then conducted to assess cognitive function, and physiological indices, including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and arterial oxygen saturation were also measured. RESULTS: Compared with a score of 0 for each CMS symptom, scores of 1-3 universally corresponded to impairment in some aspects of cognition. Moreover, the correlation analysis revealed that subjects with different CMS symptoms exhibited specific aspects of cognitive impairment. Cyanosis was associated with slower auditory and visual reactions, reduced motion agility and poor visual memory ability (R = =0.236, 0.261, 0.155, 0.221, P < 0.01). Sleep disturbance and excessive erythrocytosis were significantly correlated to poor memory ability (R = =0.206~0.251, P < 0.01), and the symptoms of headache were mainly associated with impaired motion agility (R = =0.266, P < 0.01). The results also indicated that Hb ≥ 200 g/L, SpO2 ≤ 88%, and PSQI scores ≥ 7, which correspond to excessive erythrocytosis, cyanosis and sleep disturbance symptoms respectively, predicted the decline of cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of symptoms used in Qinghai CMS Score System were associated with specific cognitive impairments in long-term plateau migrators, which supported the usefulness of monitoring cognitive status using CMS-related symptoms for both CMS patients and non-CMS people at high altitude.
Subject(s)
Altitude Sickness/epidemiology , Altitude , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Early Diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology , Adult , Altitude Sickness/complications , China/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Cognitive Dysfunction/complications , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Humans , Male , Oxygen/blood , Young AdultABSTRACT
We aroused students' learning interest,adjusted teaching contents,played the appropriate role of teachers,optimized teaching means and carried out comprehensive evaluation based on special characteristics of the optional course environmental eugenics and the knowledge structure of students to improve the teaching quality and teaching effect as well as make this course contribute to comprehensive ability of medical students.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of glutamine on gut barrier function and antioxidative capacity in rats with radiation damage. Methods A total of 30 healthy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, GLN enriched group(+GLN) and GLN free group( GLN). Rats in control and GLN group were fed with a basic diet, while 3% GLN was added into the diet of the +GLN group. On the 15th day, rats in GLN and +GLN groups received 9.0 Gy 60 Co ? irradiation in total body. The rate of the gut bacterial translocation and the level of endotoxin, GSH and SOD in the serum were determined at the end of the experiment. Results The rate of bacterial translocation and serum endoxin level were significantly lower in +GLN than in GLN, and GSH and SOD levels in serum were significantly higher in +GLN than in GLN. Conclusion Glutamine supplement is helpful to protect the gut barrier function and improve the antioxidation capacity in rats with radiation injury.
