ABSTRACT
The main aim of this review is to provide an extensive summary of the latest advances within the emerging research area focused on detecting heavy metal ion pollution, particularly sensing strategies. The review explores various heavy metal ion detection approaches, encompassing spectrometry, electrochemical methods, and optical techniques. Numerous initiatives have been undertaken in recent times in response to the increasing demand for fast, sensitive, and selective sensors. Notably, fluorescent sensors have acquired prominence owing to the numerous advantages such as outstanding specificity, reversibility, and sensitivity. Further, it also explores the discussion of various nanomaterials employed in sensing heavy metal ions. In this regard, the exclusive emphasis is placed on fluorescent nanomaterials based on organic dyes, quantum dots, and fluorescent aptasensors for metal ion removal from aqueous systems to identify the destiny of dangerous heavy metal ions in clean circumstances.
