Identification of gastric cancer types based on hyperspectral imaging technology.

Gastric cancer is becoming the second biggest cause of death from cancer. Treatment and prognosis of different types of gastric cancer vary greatly. However, the routine pathological examination is limited to the tissue level and is easily affected by subjective factors. In our study, we examined gastric mucosal samples from 50 normal tissue and 90 cancer tissues. Hyperspectral imaging technology was used to obtain spectral information. A two-classification model for normal tissue and cancer tissue identification and a four-classification model for cancer type identification are constructed based on the improved deep residual network (IDRN). The accuracy of the two-classification model and four-classification model are 0.947 and 0.965. Hyperspectral imaging technology was used to extract molecular information to realize real-time diagnosis and accurate typing. The results show that hyperspectral imaging technique has good effect on diagnosis and type differentiation of gastric cancer, which is expected to be used in auxiliary diagnosis and treatment.

Using the meteorological early warning model to improve the prediction accuracy of water damage geological disasters around pipelines in mountainous areas.

This paper focuses on the threat of water damage geological disasters brought by the complex terrain along the long-distance natural gas pipeline. The role of rainfall factors in the occurrence of such disasters has been fully considered, a meteorological early warning model for water damage geological disasters in mountainous areas based on slope units has been constructed to improve the prediction accuracy of such disasters and timely early warning and forecasting. An actual natural gas pipeline in a typical mountainous area of Zhejiang Province is taken as an example. The hydrology-curvature combined analysis method is chosen to divide the slope units, and the SHALSTAB model is used to fit the slope soil environment to calculate the stability level. Finally, the stability level is coupled with rainfall data to calculate the early warning index for water damage geological disasters in the study area. The results show that compared with the separate SHALSTAB model, the early warning results coupled with rainfall are more effective in predicting water damage geological disasters. The early warning results are compared with the actual disaster points, among the nine actual disaster points, most of the slope units around seven disaster points are in the state of needing early warning, the early warning accuracy rate reaches 77.8 %. The proposed early warning model can carry out targeted deployment in advance according to the divided slope units, and the prediction accuracy of geological disasters induced by heavy rainfall weather is significantly higher and more suitable for the actual location of the disaster point, which can provide a basis for accurate disaster prevention in the research area and areas with similar geological environments.

Mapping between Surface Wettability, Droplets, and Their Impacting Behaviors.

Droplet behaviors on solid surfaces will influence numerous droplet-based applications ranging from nonwetting-preferred water-repellent surfaces to wetting-preferred spray coatings. Understanding droplet behaviors is complicated and centered on integrating multiple parameters that include surface properties, droplet initial states, and other boundary conditions. Previous studies have observed that droplet impacting performance by showing their underlying mechanisms is sensitive to either droplet or surface boundary conditions. While the holistic view about droplet behaviors is still missing, here we study the droplet impacting and spreading behaviors by systemically varying surface conditions and droplet input parameters through the combination of optical experiments, simulations, and theoretical approaches. The observation defines three droplet behavior modes: bouncing, semibouncing, and spreading modes through their dynamic phases, where the most contributing parameters can be identified as the combination of initial Weber number and surface wettability. The We-θ phase diagram suggested here will provide a guideline for surface engineering with desired droplet dynamic behaviors.

High Interfacial-Energy Interphase Promoting Safe Lithium Metal Batteries.

Engineering a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is critical for suppression of lithium dendrites. However, the formation of a desired SEI by formulating electrolyte composition is very difficult due to complex electrochemical reduction reactions. Here, instead of trial-and-error of electrolyte composition, we design a Li-11 wt % Sr alloy anode to form a SrF2-rich SEI in fluorinated electrolytes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and experimental characterization demonstrate that a SrF2-rich SEI has a large interfacial energy with Li metal and a high mechanical strength, which can effectively suppress the Li dendrite growth by simultaneously promoting the lateral growth of deposited Li metal and the SEI stability. The Li-Sr/Cu cells in 2 M LiFSI-DME show an outstanding Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.42% at 1 mA cm-2 with a capacity of 1 mAh cm-2 and 98.95% at 3 mA cm-2 with a capacity of 2 mAh cm-2, respectively. The symmetric Li-Sr/Li-Sr cells also achieve a stable electrochemical performance of 180 cycles at an extremely high current density of 30 mA cm-2 with a capacity of 1 mAh cm-2. When paired with LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathodes, Li-Sr/LFP cells in 2 M LiFSI-DME electrolytes and Li-Sr/NMC811 cells in 1 M LiPF6 in FEC:FEMC:HFE electrolytes also maintain excellent capacity retention. Designing SEIs by regulating Li-metal anode composition opens up a new and rational avenue to suppress Li dendrites.

The Control of Colloidal Grain Boundaries through Evaporative Vertical Self-Assembly.

Self-assembly continuously gains attention as an excellent method to create novel nanoscale structures with a wide range of applications in photonics, optoelectronics, biomedical engineering, and heat transfer applications. However, self-assembly is governed by a diversity of complex interparticle forces that cause fabricating defectless large scale (>1 cm) colloidal crystals, or opals, to be a daunting challenge. Despite numerous efforts to find an optimal method that offers the perfect colloidal crystal by minimizing defects, it has been difficult to provide physical interpretations that govern the development of defects such as grain boundaries. This study reports the control over grain domains and intentional defect characteristics that develop during evaporative vertical deposition. The degree of particle crystallinity and evaporation conditions is shown to govern the grain domain characteristics, such as shapes and sizes. In particular, the grains fabricated with 300 and 600 nm sphere diameters can be tuned into single-column structures exceeding ≈1 mm by elevating heating temperature up to 93 °C. The understanding of self-assembly physics presented in this work will enable the fabrication of novel self-assembled structures with high periodicity and offer fundamental groundworks for developing large-scale crack-free structures.

Hierarchical and Well-Ordered Porous Copper for Liquid Transport Properties Control.

Liquid delivery through interconnected pore network is essential for various interfacial transport applications ranging from energy storage to evaporative cooling. The liquid transport performance in porous media can be significantly improved through the use of hierarchical morphology that leverages transport phenomena at different length scales. Traditional surface engineering techniques using chemical or thermal reactions often show nonuniform surface nanostructuring within three-dimensional pore network due to uncontrollable diffusion and reactivity in geometrically complex porous structures. Here, we demonstrate hierarchical architectures on the basis of crystalline copper inverse opals using an electrochemistry approach, which offers volumetric controllability of structural and surface properties within the complex porous metal. The electrochemical process sequentially combines subtractive and additive steps-electrochemical polishing and electrochemical oxidation-to improve surface wetting properties without sacrificing structural permeability. We report the transport performance of the hierarchical inverse opals by measuring the capillary-driven liquid rise. The capillary performance parameter of hierarchically engineered inverse opal ( K/ Reff = ∼5 × 10-3 µm) is shown to be higher than that of a typical crystalline inverse opal ( K/ Reff = ∼1 × 10-3 µm) owing to the enhancement in fluid permeable and hydrophilic pathways. The new surface engineering method presented in this work provides a rational approach in designing hierarchical porous copper for transport performance enhancements.

Robust and Mechanically and Electrically Self-Healing Hydrogel for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.

Autonomously self-healing hydrogels have received considerable attentions due to their capacity for repairing themselves spontaneously after suffering damage, which can provide a better stability and a longer life span. In this work, a robust and mechanically and electrically self-healing hydrogel with an efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance was successfully fabricated via the incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into the hydrophobically associated polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels by using cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as the dispersant. It was been found that CNF could not only assist the homogeneous dispersion of MWCNTs but also effectively enhance the mechanical property of the resultant hydrogels. As a result, the optimal tensile strength (≈0.24 MPa), electrical conductivity (≈0.85 S m-1), and EMI shielding effectiveness (≈28.5 dB) were achieved for the PAM/CNF/MWCNT composite hydrogels with 1 wt % MWCNTs and 0.3 wt % CNF, which showed 458, 844, and 90% increase over (≈0.043 MPa, ≈0.09 S m-1, and ≈15 dB, respectively) the PAM hydrogel. More encouragingly, these composite hydrogels could rapidly restore their electrical conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness after mechanical damage at room temperature without any external stimulus. With outstanding mechanical and self-healing properties, the prepared composite hydrogels were similar to human skin, but beyond human skin owing to their additional satisfactory electrical and EMI shielding performances. They may offer promising and broad prospects in the field of simulate skin and protection of precision electronics.