ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) between different lesions and clini-cal characteristics of synchronous multiple ground-glass nodules (SMGGNs). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using clinical data from 35 patients with SMGGNs who were admitted to and received surgery at The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical Uni-versity Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed for all surgical specimens to detect the mutation status of exons 18, 19, 20, and 21 of the EGFR gene to analyze the relationship between the EGFR mutation sta-tus of the lesions and patient gender, age, lesion location, imaging manifestation of nodules, and adenocarcinoma pathological type . Results: The EGFR mutation rate was 65.7% (23/35 patients). Non-smoking patients and females had higher EGFR mutation rates (P=0.015, P<0.001). The EGFR mutation rate of invasive adenocarcinoma nodules was higher than those of atypical adenomatous hyper-plasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma ( P<0.001). Exon 19 deletion and L858R mutation were the most common mutations of the EGFR gene. There was no significant difference between the pathological subtypes of adenocarcino-ma and the EGFR mutant subtype (P=0.707). Among the 27 patients with multiple nodules with detectable EGFR mutations, the EGFR mutation rate was 85.2% (23/27 patients). Conclusions: The EGFR gene mutation status is different in patients with multiple pulmo-nary ground-glass nodules, suggesting that the occurrence and development of each nodule are independent events. EGFR gene muta-tion is closely related to the development of ground-glass nodules, especially in the invasion of tumors.
ABSTRACT
Objective To estimate the gene mutation and the protein expression of v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) in esophageal cancer.Methods From February 2014 to September 2015,75 patients with esophageal cancer who received operation were enrolled.Tissues of cancer,adjacent to cancer and far from cancer were taken.The mutation and protein expression of BRAF were detected.The relationship between BRAF protein positive expression and clinical characteristics of patients with esophageal cancer was analyzed.The enumeration data was compared by chi-square test.Results The mutation of exon 11 and exon 15 of gene BRAF was not found in the tissues of esophageal cancer.Among 75 esophageal cancer,a base C or T inserted in the exon 11 was found in five Ⅲb TNM stage cases,and the expression of BRAF at protein level was positive in 46 cases (61.3％).Among 57 tissues adjacent to cancer,nine cases (15.8 ％) was BRAF positive at protein level.Among 75 tissues far from cancer,five(6.7％) was BRAF positive at protein level.The difference among three groups was statistically significant (x2 =61.098,P＜0.05).The positive rates of BRAF expression at protein level in patients with esophageal cancer at Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ TNM stage were 21.7％ (5/23),70.8％ (17/24) and 85.7 ％ (24/28),respectively.The positive rates of BRAF expression at protein level in patients with and without lymph node metastasis were 81.6％ (31/38) and 40.5％ (15/37).The positive expression of BRAF at protein level was related with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (x2 =23.136 and 13.313,both P＜0.01),however it was not related with gender,age and the degree of tumor differentiation (all P＞0.05).Conclusions There is base insertion in the exon 11 of gene BRAF in esophageal cancer,but gene mutation is not found.BRAF is highly expressed in esophageal cancer,which is related with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis,and BRAF could be an indicator of assessment of degree of malignancy and prognosis of esophageal cancer.
