[The influence of diet therapy and regular physical trainings on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion by monocytes among obese patients with coronary heart disease].

Chronic systemic inflammation is one of the leading pathogenetic pathways for the development of atherosclerosis in obese patients. In this regard, it seems promising to evaluate the effect of the diet and physical exertion on the proinflammatory activity of monocytes. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of the diet and regular physical trainings on the secretion of monocyte chemotactic factor 1 (MCP-1) by monocytes in obese patients with coronary artery disease. Material and methods. 27 obese participants (body mass index >30 kg/m2) with a confirmed diagnosis of coronary heart disease were recruited. All participants were prescribed with 12 weeks of a specialized diet with a restriction of simple carbohydrates and salt, a 500-kcal daily energy deficit, and with inclusion of cruciferous (200 g per day), seasonal dark berries (70 g per day) and green tea (200 ml per day). The regular assisted physical trainings were also administered. The body composition, blood biochemical parameters and MCP-1 secretion rates in the primary culture of monocytes isolated from blood samples via the immunomagnetic separation method were assessed before and after the intervention. Results. As a result, after the 12-weeks intervention the reliable body weight loss (-4.0%), waist circumference (-4.2%), visceral fat (-5.4%), total cholesterol (-9.8%), LDL-cholesterol (-16.6%) and triglycerides (-26.0%), an improvement in the results of the 6-minute walk test (+10.33%) was achieved, as well as an LPS-stimulated monocytes secretion of MCP-1 decreased by 2.8 times (p=0.005). Conclusion. Overall, the results suggest that diet and regular physical activity in patients with obesity and coronary heart disease may decrease the functional "proinflammatory" activity of monocytes.

[Physical activity in sarcopenia: rehabilitation approaches in prevention and treatment of age-related muscle disorders]. / Fizicheskaya aktivnost' pri sarkopenii: reabilitatsionnye podkhody v profilaktike i lechenii vozrastnoi patologii myshechnoi tkani.

Sarcopenia is a widespread condition in the elderly people, that occurs as a result of impaired muscle structure and function and is significantly associated with reduced quality and time of life. This review represents current approaches to the diagnosis of sarcopenia with reference to recent European and Asian consensus. They include rules for the evaluation of the main muscle strength and function tests (hand dynamometry, sit-to-stand test, 6-minute walk test, physical performance battery tests, etc.), physical and instrumental methods of muscle mass analysis (densitometry, bioimpedance analysis, magnetic resonance imaging). Furthermore, the pathogenetic relationship between the lack of physical activity and muscle dysfunction in elderly people is broached, including in particular the role of myostatin, interleukin-6, somatotropin and insulin resistance. The article represents possibilities of impact of aerobic, strength and neuromuscular physical exercises on prevention and correction of sarcopenic changes in different age groups based on the analysis of current clinical studies.

[Effect of hepatitis C virus genotype on viral load and clinical-laboratory characteristics of liver disease].

UNLABELLED: Aim of the work was to examine the influence of HCV genotype on the clinical features of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Were examined 9.715 patients under treatment in hospital gastroenterological for the presence of hepatitis C virus. In 365 patients was found HCV RNA. At 210 patients was performed genotyping. Was performed a quantitative analysis of 193 patients. There were determined cytolytic syndrome (ALT, AST), cholestatic (alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin), the activity of GGT in the blood of patients by biochemical markers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The frequency of virus infection, confirmed by PCR analysis of data from this group of patients was 3.7% (95% CI 3.3-4.1). Occurrence of genotypes of hepatitis C was for 1 genotype 61.4% (54.7-68.1, 95% CI) for the 2-th genotype--10.9% (6.7-15.2; 95% CI) and the third genotype--at 27.6% (21.5-33.7, 95% CI). Viral load was significantly higher (p < 0.05) at 3-m type of HCV and was amounted to 8.08 +/- 15.6 million IU, compared with patients with 1st and 2nd genotype: 4.5 +/- 11.3 and 3.7 +/- 10.3 MIU. Also among patients with genotype 3 HCV viral load was (more than 800 thousand IU/ml) significantly more frequent in 50% of patients, whereas among patients with genotype 1 HCV, such patients was 22% and from 2 th HCV genotype--26% (chi2 = 13.0, p = 0.001). Significantly more frequent among patients with viral load more than 2.5 million IU/l at men (Fisher's test p = 0.03), as men often had the third genotype of hepatitis C (p < 0.005). Genotype was not significantly affected the performance of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes. In patients with low viral load (less than 800 thousand IU/ml) was significantly less pronounced cytolytic syndrome, ALT was significantly lower (p < 0.05), the AST activity of reliable statistical difference was noted. Also significantly under high viral load (more than 800 thousand IU/ml) was higher than the activity of GGT (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, our data showed that among the patients in our hospital were more prevalent third genotype of hepatitis C virus than among the population of the Russian Federation. Gender particular occurrence of the third genotype require further study to clarify the role of gender or other factors, concomitant increase in its prevalence. The presence of the third genotype of hepatitis C virus was accompanied by a high viral load, and probably an additional toxic effect on hepatocytes.