ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) graft versus host disease (GVHD) occurs in up to 40% of patients undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, the optimal endoscopic approach is still unclear and the area of the GI tract with the highest diagnostic yield is still a topic of debate. OBJECTIVE: We compared the diagnostic yield of different anatomic site biopsies in the diagnosis of GI GVHD and assessed the correlation of endoscopic findings with histopathology. METHODS: All cases of biopsy proven GI GVHD were obtained from pathology database AUBMC between 1/1/2005 and 31/8/2017. We retrospectively analyzed the demographical, clinical and endoscopic data. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were diagnosed with GI GVHD over 17.6 years. The most common presenting symptom was severe diarrhea (18 patients, 94.7%). Combining upper endoscopy and sigmoidoscopy with biopsies had the highest diagnostic yield of 90% in diagnosing GI GVHD compared to 63.6%, 78.6% and 77.8% for upper endoscopy, sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy respectively. In macroscopically normal mucosa, the recto-sigmoid and duodenal biopsies had the highest diagnostic yield (75%). As for the macroscopically abnormal mucosa, the highest yield was for the recto-sigmoid biopsies (100%) in lower endoscopy and duodenal biopsies in the upper endoscopy (60%). CONCLUSION: In a patient suspected to have GI GVHD, the best endoscopic approach is the combination of upper endoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsies of normal as well as abnormal mucosa. It should be emphasized that normal mucosa be biopsied especially in the duodenum and recto-sigmoid for a better diagnostic yield.
Subject(s)
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Gastrointestinal Diseases/pathology , Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology , Graft vs Host Disease/pathology , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Adult , Anatomic Variation/physiology , Biopsy/methods , Colon, Sigmoid/pathology , Duodenum/pathology , Female , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Graft vs Host Disease/diagnosis , Humans , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Rectum/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The treatment of hepatitis C has dramatically improved since the introduction of the new Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs). The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of all oral DAAs with or without ribavirin in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in treatment naïve and experienced Lebanese population. METHODOLOGY: We reviewed all cases approved for hepatitis C treatment with DAAs according to the Lebanese guidelines for treatment of HCV at the Ministry of Public Health from October 2015 till December 2016. Available data concerning age, sex, mode of transmission, genotype (GT) and subtype, fibrosis stage, previous treatment (if present), new DAAs treatment, and sustained virological response at week 12 (SVR12) were collected. RESULTS: During a period of 15 months (October 2015 to December 2016), 186 patients were treated with DAAs. 57% were male and the mean age was 54.3 years. The source of infection was unknown in 51% of cases and blood transfusion in 35.5% of cases. Genotype 1 was the most predominant genotype (45%), followed by GT4 (34%) and GT3 (12%). 71.6% of patients had advanced fibrosis before starting DAAs and 57% were cirrhotic. 42% of patients were treatment experienced (85% pegylated interferon and ribavirin). Different DAAs regimens were used according to the Lebanese guidelines for treatment of HCV: Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir (38.7%), Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir (16.1%), Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (1.6%), Sofosbuvir/RBV (7.5%), Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir (17.5%) and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir -Dasabuvir (18.8%). Ribavirin was used in 51.6% of cases. SVR12 was achieved in 93% of patients (relapse in 4%, loss of follow up and/or severe adverse effect in 3%). SVR 12 was achieved in 93%, 96% and 94% of GT1, GT3 and GT4 cases respectively. SVR12 was seen in 91.3% of cirrhotic patients vs. 98.7% of F0-F3 patients. (p = 0.047). There was no difference in SVR12 between treatment naïve and experienced patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma developed in 5 patients (2.9%) during the study period. CONCLUSION: This is the first real world Lebanese data of HCV treatment with DAAs. The study population was significant for a large number of patients with cirrhotic (50%) and treatment experienced patients (42%). SVR12 was achieved in 93% of patients with no difference between treatment naïve and experienced patients. SVR12 was lower in patients with cirrhosis compared to patients with lower stage of fibrosis (91.3% vs. 98.7%).
