[Work conditions and diseases prevalence among female migrants].

The article deals with problems associated with health of female migrants arriving from Tadzhikistan to Russian Federation, with consideration of physical (manual), mental exertion, social and everyday factors.

[Physiologic features of adaptation in Middle Asia migrants working on Moscow region territory.]

The article presents results of physiologic studies of nine occupational groups of migrants from south republics of Middle Asia to Moscow region of Russian Federation. The authors revealed features of cardiac rhythm regulation variability in the migrants in accordance with physical exertion value and psychoemotional characters of work. Optimization of the adaptation processes should get along with organization of rational work and rest schedule, healthy lifestyle formation, better medical service to the migrants.

[Influence of occupational factors on the bone and joint functional state in the upper extremities and cervical spine in female workers of clothing manufacture].

The studies using multiple X-ray methods covered influence of complex containing working process and occupational environment factors on locomotory apparatus of upper limbs and cervical spine in female seamers engaged into various productions. Comparative analysis involved results of regular (standard X-ray) and special X-ray methods (stereoroentgenography, high definition roentgenography, roentgen densitometry, roentgenogrammetry) in 370 examinees with early and moderate clinical symptoms of occupationally mediated diseases of the stated areas. X-ray studies of locomotory apparatus of upper limbs and cervical spine in clothing manufacture workers, with special diagnostic methods, enabled to determine incidence and severity of functional and structural changes more reliably than via standard examination. The changes revealed were assigned mostly in "early" and "moderate" categories and matched with occupational peculiarities of the workers examined.

[Methodic approaches to evaluation of visual performance in professional computer users].

Occupation-related and physiologic studies in workers using personal computers revealed variable degrees of changed visual performance in accordance with work conditions class and integral parameter of work intensity. Findings are that the performance change is caused by lower accomodation volume and decrease in temporary characteristics of clear vision stability. Correlation was established between work conditions class and percentage of the performance decrease during the working shift in videodisplay users.

[Labor physiology role in workers of different type labor activity workability and health. Progress and prospects].

There are presented the data of workers overstrain and fatigue conditions mechanisms based on physiological, psychological and ergonomic aspects of work processes in different types of activities (mental, visual-strained, physical). 15-year historical analysis, current state and prospects of labor physiology methods development are shown. Complex physiological and ergonomic investigations have allowed developing the measures of work ability raise and diseases prevention for workers various professions. Obtained results provided the basis of development of regulatory documents in area of human organism strain physiological norms, consequences of psycho-emotional stress and overstrain prevention taking into account working conditions class.

[Preventing risk of overexertion in mental workers, depending on work conditions class according to work hardiness parameters].

One of the most important tasks of occupational medicine is prevention of overexertion and occupational diseases in physical workers with various characters and degree of muscular exertion (local, regional and general). The studies demonstrated strong corellation between work conditions class in work hardiness, functional state and level of diseases development among 50 occupational groups examined. The article covers specific and differentiated measures on rational work and rest schedules, and other prophylactic means, with consideration of work conditions class for physical workers.

[Visual fatigue in video display terminal users in relation to the type of displayed information].

The functional status of the visual analyzer was studied in professional users of video display terminals (VDT) in relation to the type of displayed information. It was shown that irrespective of the type of displayed information, the VDT users developed visual fatigue over time. With unidirectional changes, visual fatigue was ascertained to be more pronounced and to have developed prematurely in users of VDT with alphanumeric information than in those of VDT with graphic information.

[Risk factors of functional disorders in mental workers].

The authors demonstrated that incomplete consideration of ergonomic requirements in occupational process organization results in more intensive work and therefore to marked unfavorable changes in various human body systems. Preventing functional strain and lowering the occupational risk requires special measures implemented into daily work schedule and into activities of occupational rehabilitation centers.

[Physiologic and ergonomic aspects of social and hygienic monitoring of workers' performance and health].

The article tackles necessity of physiologic and ergonomic research in system of social and hygienic monitoring of workers' performance and health. A presented scheme covers physiologic and ergonimic aspects: monitoring of work process factors; monitoring of workers' performance and functional state. The authors formulated theoretic orientation of the problem and demonstrated scientific and practical importance of physiologic and ergonomic monitoring.

[Psychophysiological aspects of occupational stress in occupational medicine]. / Psikhofiziologicheskie aspekty proizvodstvennogo stressa v meditsine truda.

The authors necessitate complex psychophysiologic, hygienic and clinical research to form a concept of stress induced by occupational factors. The materials disclosure role of fundamental studies, critically review various models (two- and three-dimensional) of stress at work. Analysis of the authors' data and facts obtained by other researchers in detection and evaluation of various stress factors. Essential is to specify prophylactic measures against stress at work for workers' health preservation.

[The probability of impaired health in workers exposed to occupational hazards]. / Veroiatnost' narusheniia zdorov'ia rabotaiushchikh on vozdeistviia neblagopriiatnykh faktorov trudovogo protsessa.

Complex descriptive, physiologic and hygienic studies covered various occupational groups of physical and mental work and revealed that health disorders probability depends on intensity of occupational factors. Increase in the intensity results in higher physiologic expenditure and greater incidence of occupational diseases. Symptoms of disorders appeared to depend on specificity of occupational factors.

[Prophylaxis of muscular stress in physical labor]. / Profilaktika myshechnogo perenapriazheniia pri fizicheskoi rabote.

The authors demonstrated that work of female molders, acquisitors and stacking packers is characterized by physical load, great number of cliched manual movements, intensive inclinations of corpse and constrained working posture. Prolonged exposure to unfavorable occupational factors results in neuromuscular and cardiovascular stress that induces pathologic changes with increasing length of service. Complex of prophylactic measures suggested by the authors proves effective as releases working strain and delays fatigue during the working shift.

[Physiological and clinical disorders in muscular work depending on factors of work process]. / Fiziologo-klinicheskie narusheniia pri myshechnoi rabote v zavisimosti ot faktorov trudovogo protsessa.

Clinical and physiologic studies covered 26 occupational groups engaged into physical work and revealed that physiologic value of muscular work is a function of quantitative parameters, intensity and duration of work. Physiologic value of the work appeared to correlate with morbidity structure.

[Problem of adaptation and characteristics of the etiology of diseases in the Far North]. / Problema adaptatsii i osobennosti formirovaniia patologicheskikh narushenii v usloviiakh Krainego Severa.

Extensive data covering 2086 examinees served for analysis of peripheral vascular, locomotion, neurologic disorders developing at various stages of adaptation process in workers engaged into mining in the North. Unfavorable general and local cooling resulted in overstrain of thermoregulation mechanisms, caused lower performance, difficulties in adequate occupational functioning, early formation of diseases. Association of cooling and intensive vibration with significant physical load induced neurovascular and neurodystrophic changes being a result of both local microcirculation disturbances and disordered regulation of peripheral vascular tone, higher excitability of vasoconstrictors stimulated by central mechanisms.

[Electromyography of the neuromuscular fatigue caused by posture of drivers of the loading machines]. / Elektromiograficheskaia otsenka utomleniia nervno-myshechnoi sistemy, obuslovlennogo osobennostiami rabochikh poz voditelei avtopogruzchikov.

The authors studied strain degree and fatigue severity in long-standing inconvenient postures at work of automobile loader operators. Those workers perform tasks in various postures due to the design of automobile loaders. Compared to standardized postures, long-standing inconvenient ones of automobile loader operators, characterized by left turn of corpse, appear to result in marked overstrain and significant fatigue of neuromuscular apparatus. If specific prophylaxis is absent, the work in such postures could induce considerable fatigue.

[Effect of work conditions on the development of vertebral neurologic disorders]. / Vliianie faktorov truda na razvitie vertebronevrologicheskikh narushenii.

Clinical and hygienic studies covered agricultural machine operators, bulldozer operators, truck drivers, excavator and boring machine operators, display terminal controllers, electronic miniature device assemblers. The studies proved that occupational hazards (general vibration, sitting posture) result in formation of vertebral neurologic disorders in the examinees. The localization and clinical manifestations appeared to depend on intensity and site of the acting hazard.

[Functional state and development of diseases of the locomotor system in seamstresses in relation to their work characteristics and degree of physical exertion of the hand muscles]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie i razvitie zabolevanii oporno- dvigatel'nogo apparata u shvei v zavisimosti ot osobennostei ikh truda i velichiny fizicheskoi nagruzki na myshtsy ruk.

Physiological and clinical on-the-spot studies were performed of the labour conditions in 3 groups of female sewing-machine operators (respectively, engaged in making women's dresses, men's suits and men's coats). The analysis performed revealed different degrees of physical load and fatigue in the operators depending on the occupational peculiarities. Specific features of the peripheral nervous system and locomotor system disorders were studied in details, along with the causal relationships underlying the degree of physical load and fatiguability, overstrain development and cumulation. The results of the study were used as a basis for setting Health-Related regulations for sewing-machine operators.

[Biochemical evaluation of metabolic disorders in the tissues of the locomotor system in patients with occupational diseases caused by physical stress]. / Biokhimicheskaia otsenka metabolicheskikh rasstroistv v tkaniiakh oporno-dvigatel'nogoapparata u bol'nykh professional'nymi zabolevaniiami ot fizicheskogo perenapriazheniia.

A group of patients with occupational disease and female sewing-machine operators were medically examined with a broad set of biochemical techniques aimed at the detection of metabolic disorders in the locomotor system tissues. Noninflammatory dystrophic changes were found. The muscular component was dominating in comparison with the osseous one in the genesis of the degenerative dystrophic processes, which manifested in the clinical course. Laboratory manifestations were revealed related to the lowered energy supply and oxygenation of the skeleton muscles in patients with neuromuscular and osteo-muscular++ syndromes. The metabolic disorders were diagnosed at the early stages of myalgia.

[Significance of the degree of static tension in the development of fatigue and overstrain of the neuromuscular system in polishers employed in the glass industry]. / Znachenie velichii staticheskikh nagruzok v razvitii utomleniia i perenapriazheniia nervno-myshechnogo apparata shlifovshchits stekloizdelii.

The research data proposed proved the key role of the muscles' static tension in the process of fatiguability and strain growth in glass-work polishers' neuromuscular mechanisms. It was proved that a comparatively greater static load on the shoulder girdle muscles in glass-work polishers, as compared to crystal-polishers, results in more vivid pathologic changes in this professional group. The research served as a basis for a set of health-related measures, including both palliative and radical approaches.