ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The clinical practices of nurses should be in accordance with the principles of professional ethics. Respecting professional ethics principles depends on several factors. The present study was conducted to investigate the effective inhibitors and facilitators in compliance with professional ethics and their importance from the nurses' perspective. METHODS: During this cross-sectional descriptive study, 452 nurses were included by the census sampling method. The data were collected via the "inhibitors of compliance with professional ethics standards by the nurses' perspective" and "facilitators of compliance with professional ethics standards by the nurses' perspective" questionnaires. Additionally, by designing the "open-ended question" section, other inhibiting and facilitating factors of professional ethics standards from the nurses' perspective were investigated. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Wilcoxon signed ranks test). RESULTS: The individual care-related dimension as a facilitator had the highest mean score compared to the other dimensions (76.62 ± 4.92). Furthermore, seven items in the inhibitor section, 19 items in the facilitator section had higher scores. Among them, there were seven items in common. Strong or weak belief in compliance with ethical issues had the highest mean scores in the role of facilitator and inhibitor (90.54 ± 12.13 and 89.54 ± 14.88, respectively). CONCLUSION: Strong or weak belief in compliance with ethical issues was the most important inhibitor and facilitator from the nurses' perspective, which makes it necessary to examine individual beliefs about ethical issues among applicants to enter the nursing profession.
ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: The bone particles collected during osteotomy could be used as autogenous bone graft materials for dental implant surgery. Different factors such as drill design may influence its clinical viability. Purpose: This study examined the effect of drill design on the osteoblast viability and histopathology parameters of bone collected during the preparation of dental implant site. Materials and Method: In this experimental study, 90 samples were obtained from three different bone drilling systems including Bego, Implantium, and Dio during fixture installation in patients requiring treatment at the Department of Periodontology, Dentistry University Hamedan. The MTT (3-4,5-Dimethylthiazol2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was used to determine percentage of cell viability. Samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde for histological evaluation. Then, they were kept in 10% EDTA solution for 4 weeks for decalcification. The provided slides were evaluated regarding bone structure and osteocytes counts for assessment of viability. Tukey test and SPPS 21 software were used for statistical analysis. Results: The result showed the viability of osteoblast obtained by Dio (0.45±0.04) was significantly better than Bego (0.37±0.05) and Implantium (0.37±0.04) systems. In histopathological evaluation, the grafting material obtained by Dio presented the best osteoblast morphology. Conclusion: It might be concluded that drill geometry has significantly influenced the viability of bone particles collected during the preparation of implant sites .Moreover, characteristic geometry alone cannot represent the performance of a particular drill, and several geometric features should be concerned. The results of this study showed that the geometry of the Dio drill was the best considering the viability and histopathological evaluations.