ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Obesity associated with atypical antipsychotic medications is an important clinical issue for people with schizophrenia. The purpose of this project was to determine whether there were any differences in resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) between men with schizophrenia and controls. METHOD: Thirty-one men with schizophrenia were individually matched for age and relative body weight with healthy, sedentary controls. Deuterium dilution was used to determine total body water and subsequently fat-free mass (FFM). Indirect calorimetry using a Deltatrac metabolic cart was used to determine REE and RQ. RESULTS: When corrected for FFM, there was no significant difference in REE between the groups. However, fasting RQ was significantly higher in the men with schizophrenia than the controls. CONCLUSION: Men with schizophrenia oxidised proportionally less fat and more carbohydrate under resting conditions than healthy controls. These differences in substrate utilisation at rest may be an important consideration in obesity in this clinical group.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Body Composition , Energy Metabolism , Obesity/metabolism , Schizophrenia/metabolism , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Body Mass Index , Body Water/metabolism , Calorimetry, Indirect , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Deuterium/metabolism , Fasting , Humans , Male , Models, Biological , Obesity/chemically induced , Oxidation-Reduction , Rest , Schizophrenia/drug therapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of excess body weight has been reported as two to four times greater in the chronic mentally ill than in the general population. However, there has been a paucity of body composition research with this population. The purpose of this study was to compare with population data the prevalence and distribution of body fat in a group of chronic mentally ill individuals. METHOD: An anthropometric profile consisting of height, weight, waist and hip girths was completed on 29 males and 23 females. RESULTS: Consistent with other groups with excess adiposity, measures of skinfold thickness were generally unreliable. The biceps was the only site where a reliable skinfold measure was possible in all subjects. More than half of the males and three-quarters of the females had a waist circumference in excess of 100 cm. CONCLUSIONS: There were significantly higher levels of relative body weight and excess abdominal adiposity in the study group compared with the wider population. A brief anthropometric protocol of waist and hip girths and biceps skinfold in addition to height and weight, rather than the use of weight alone as an indicator of adiposity, is recommended.
Subject(s)
Anthropometry , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Body Height , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Chronic Disease , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychology , Middle Aged , Obesity/psychology , Reference Values , Skinfold ThicknessABSTRACT
Effects of chronic heart failure upon receptor binding and cardiac function were studied in mongrel dogs. Heart failure was induced by three to seven, graded, sequential, intracoronary microembolizations performed 1 to 3 weeks apart. Depressed systolic and diastolic left ventricular function, reduced cardiac output, increased systemic vascular resistance, increased plasma norepinephrine concentration, left ventricular hypertrophy, and dilation were associated with the development of heart failure in this model. Three months after the last embolization, the density and affinity of myocardial beta adrenoceptors and voltage sensitive calcium channels were quantified by analyzing saturation isotherms of specific radioligand binding. [3H]Dihydroalprenolol and [3H]nitrendipine bound specifically and with high affinity to cardiac beta adrenoceptors and calcium channels, respectively. Scatchard transformation of the specific binding of these radioligands in membranes prepared following intracoronary embolization demonstrated a 47% decrease in the density of [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding sites (605 +/- 20 fmol/mg, normal, vs. 323 +/- 18 fmol/mg, failed; P < 0.05) and a 20% decrease in [3H]nitredipine binding sites (371 +/- 11 fmol/mg, normal, vs. 298 +/- 17 fmol/mg, failed; P < 0.05). The binding equilibrium dissociation constants for [3H]dihydroalprenolol and [3H]nitrendipine were not significantly different between normal and failed myocardium. There was no difference in the sialic acid content in the sarcolemmal membranes prepared from normal and failed dog hearts (31.07 +/- 0.76 nmol/mg, normal, vs. 30.58 +/- 5.25 nmol/mg, failed). This is inconsistent with the selective purification of membranes utilized in these radioligand binding studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
