In-vitro antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of modified solvent evaporated ethanolic extract of Calocybe indica: GCMS and HPLC characterization.

Recent interest in the utilization of mushroom-based bioactive compounds has increased due to their potential bioactivities and as alternatives in the reduction of high concentrations of chemical utilization. Therefore, we evaluated the physicochemical, functional, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity of the Calocybe indica. The nutritional composition of the mushroom was found to be a good source of proteins (12.48%) and fiber (6.87%). Polysaccharide and protein moiety showed both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains and the sample showed higher water (3.01 g/g), oil binding (2.45 g/g) emulsifying (68.94), and foaming properties (59.39%). Structural characterization revealed the porous and small crystalline structure of the mushroom powder. Ethanolic extract was quantified for total phenolics and flavonoids and revealed 11.1534 ppm caffeic acid, 0.057 ppm syringic acid, 1.6385 ppm p-coumaric acid, and 0.3495 ppm rutin, respectively. Presence of ethyl tridecanoate, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, pentadecanoic acid ethyl ester, undecanoic acid ethyl ester, N, α, α'-trimethyl diphenethylamine, nicotinonitriles, phosphonic acid decyl-, 1-hexyl-2-nitrocyclohexane, diallyl divinylsilane, 3-phenyl-pyrrolo(2,3-ß) pyrazine was confirmed during GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, the mushroom extract showed effective antimicrobial against Gram-positive (23.67 mm) and negative bacteria (20.33 mm) in terms of zone of inhibition. Significantly comparable anti-inflammatory activity was observed for mushroom extract during protein denaturation (43.72-85.69%) and membrane stabilization. In conclusion, the mushroom extract has shown good functional properties and potential bioactivity, therefore, it can be scaled up as an effective food preservative, potential anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agent at the industrial level.

The Current Status, Bioactivity, Food, and Pharmaceutical Approaches of Calocybe indica: A Review.

Over the past few years, mushrooms have been extensively explored in the field of pharmaceutical and food science, and researchers are heading toward the search for vital components with a higher safety margin and multitarget applications. Moreover, among all age group populations, mushroom consumption has increased immensely owing to their great nutritional aspects, desirable organoleptic properties, and aroma. In addition, mushrooms continue to generate much attention chiefly in their consumption as food, as a cure for different ailments, as well as a vital commodity globally, owing to their dietary, antioxidant, and therapeutic values. Mushrooms are considered one of the important and suitable diets for patients having multiple types of diseases. Additionally, due to potential immunomodulatory effects, quality protein, and low fat, and cholesterol content, mushrooms are used as an important ingredient for food formulation. Therefore, this review article provides detailed information on Calocybe indica as they are the third most important commercially grown mushroom following button and oyster mushrooms. This review brings tangible evidence that milky white mushrooms are a great source of natural components and antioxidants with potential application in pharmaceuticals and in treating and managing different diseases. Several food applications of milky white mushrooms have also been discussed and reviewed.