ABSTRACT
Bacteriological characteristics of abattoir effluents (wastewater), abattoir water source, and water bodies receiving abattoir wastewater were investigated in Abuja, Nigeria using the multiple-tube fermentation technique. Source of water to the abattoirs and the usage of water bodies receiving abattoir effluents were determined using questionnaires. Bacterial counts ranged from 4.8 × 10(6) to 5.8 × 10(5) /100 mL of total coliform (TC), 8.2 × 10(4) to 3.2 × 10(4)/100 mL of Fecal coliform (FC), 5.2 × 10(4) to 2.0 × 10(4)/100 mL of Fecal streptococcus and 1.2 × 10(4) to 2.0 × 10(3)/100 mL of Escherichia coli for abattoir effluents 6.6 × 10(5) to 6.0 × 10(5)/100 mL of TC, 6.2 × 10(4) to 1.8 × 10(4)/100 mL of FC, 1.8 × 10(4) to 6.0 × 10(3)/100 mL of F. streptococcus, and 4.8 × 10(3) to 6.6 × 10(2)/100 mL of E. coli for water bodies receiving abattoir effluents 100 m downstream. TC bacteria counts for abattoir effluents exceeded recommended limit for discharge into surface water in Nigeria. No significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between bacterial counts of abattoir effluents and receiving water bodies 100 m downstream: an indication of contamination of receiving water bodies by abattoir effluents and possible public and environmental health hazards.
ABSTRACT
The present study was performed to observe the morphological details of the skulls of the major goat breeds in Nigeria involving 28 Red Sokoto, 24 Sahel and 12 West African Dwarf goats. The study revealed the presence of a bilateral opening in the nasal bones of the skulls. This unique occurrence appeared in about 70 of the Red Sokoto, less than 10 of the West African Dwarf and did not occur in the Sahel goat skulls. It was suggested that the structure which displayed a high level of breed specificity may be contributing to the weakness of the nasal area of the face. This finding to the best of our knowledge is rarely described in the literature and will be important in breed identification of goats and can contribute to the migratory history of the species.
