ABSTRACT
A total of 260 females were studied in an iodine-deficient regions in different periods of gestation. Among them, 123 females were examined during pregnancy and within 3 months of lactation. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy was shown to form a high risk for diseases in both a child and a mother. There is an increased risk for severe complications of pregnancy and labor, for decreased weight and height, and for the worse status of a fetus and a baby of the first year of life. The use of iodine-containing drugs (100 micrograms iodine a day) is highly effective.
Subject(s)
Goiter, Endemic/prevention & control , Iodine/deficiency , Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control , Adult , Age Factors , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Iodine/administration & dosage , Iodine/urine , Pregnancy , Prenatal Care , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Eighty female adolescents living in the area where goiter is endemic were examined. The rates of increases in height and weight under 10 years were found to lag behind and, on the contrary, to excel their standard values in adolescence. The accelerated increases in height and weight in girls aged 11 to 15 years were attended by rises in morbidity rates. The number of children with normal sexual development in the area of goiter endemics was reduced to 28.8% and the prevalence of menstrual dysfunction increased up to 54.8%. Impaired menstrual function was most frequently recorded in girls with changed levels of follicle-stimulating and interstitial cell-stimulating hormones.
Subject(s)
Goiter, Endemic/epidemiology , Iodine/deficiency , Adolescent , Age Factors , Body Height , Body Mass Index , Child , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Female , Goiter, Endemic/physiopathology , Humans , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Menstruation Disturbances/etiology , Puberty , Sex Factors , Thyroid Function TestsSubject(s)
Goiter, Endemic/prevention & control , Iodine/administration & dosage , Iodine/deficiency , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Food, Fortified , Goiter, Endemic/epidemiology , Health Education , Humans , Incidence , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Russia/epidemiology , Sodium Chloride, DietaryABSTRACT
The article deals with results of up-to-date approach to evaluation of xenobiotics' quantitative contribution into development of common pediatric problems. Using multivariate statistics, the authors calculated attributive and relative risks of health disorders in children. Analysis of clinical, epidemiologic and statistic data helped to identify some pathogenetic features of ecologically induced disorders in children.
Subject(s)
Child Welfare , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Industrial Waste/adverse effects , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , RussiaSubject(s)
Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology , Power Plants , Radioactive Hazard Release , Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology , Russia/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Thyroid Neoplasms/etiology , UkraineABSTRACT
A total of 1649 children aged 0 to 16 years were examined in the Khvalynsk district of the Saratov region endemic for goiter. Age-specific features of prevalence of goiter and chronic somatic diseases were studied. Goiter was found to form starting from the first years of life, with its morbidity peaks observed at the age of 3, 5, 7, and 12. Disease incidence in children with endemic goiter was found to be higher than in those without thyroid abnormalities.
Subject(s)
Goiter, Endemic/complications , Adolescent , Age Distribution , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Digestive System Diseases/complications , Digestive System Diseases/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Musculoskeletal Diseases/complications , Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology , Prevalence , Respiratory Tract Diseases/complications , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Russia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Screening of 1520 children living in the Khvalynsk district of the Saratov region, including assessment of urinary excretion of iodine and ultrasonic examinations of the thyroid in children and adults, revealed endemic goiter in the region. Special attention was paid to echographic examination of the thyroid; this method was used in examinations of 161 children aged 2 to 14 with thyroid enlargement of the I-III degree. 103 (64.0%) of there children had enlarged thyroid, in some children with diffusely enlarged thyroid of the I-II degree ultrasonic examination showed no enlargement, and in some children the gland was found even reduced in size. The greatest discrepancy between the data of palpation and ultrasonography was observed in first-degree thyroid enlargement, the least so in second-degree enlargement; in third-degree enlargement there was no such a discrepancy. Assessment of thyroid structure revealed various disorders of the organ in 29 of the 161 examined children, these disorders present both in enlarged glands and in those of normal or reduced size. Nodes that could not be palpated were detected in 2 children. Ultrasonic examinations of 56 adults aged 20 to 60 revealed changed structure of the thyroid in 35, with nodes of various sizes and localization detected in 15 of these.
