Associations of ECG Signs of Ischemic and Non-Specific Signs of Metabolic Changes in the Myocardium With Unfavorable Cardiovascular Prognosis in a 7-Year Prospective Follow-Up of Young People Under 45 Years.

AIM: To study ischemic and/or nonspecific ECG signs of metabolic changes in the myocardium and to determine their relationship with unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis in a 7-year prospective observation of young people under 45 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional population survey of a random sample aged 25-44 years (n=1363) was conducted in Novosibirsk. The survey program used the standardized epidemiological Rose questionnaire. Biochemical tests were used to measure blood concentrations of total cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG), low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C), and fasting blood plasma glucose. Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP), the presence of arterial hypertension (AH), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and smoking status were assessed. ECG was recorded at rest in 12 standard leads followed by interpretation according to the Minnesota Code. The presence of ischemic and/or nonspecific ECG signs of metabolic changes in the myocardium was determined. Subjects with ECG signs of ischemic changes in the myocardium were selected for long-term follow-up and additional examination by cardiologists. Then the whole cohort was monitored for 7 years, and cardiovascular events were recorded, including using data from the WHO Myocardial Infarction Registry in Novosibirsk. For statistical analysis of the results, cardiovascular events were combined into a composite endpoint. RESULTS: During 7 years, 40 people (27 men and 13 women) had an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis. Multivariate regression analysis showed that a 7-year unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis in people younger than 45 years was associated with signs of ischemic myocardial alterations identified on the background ECG (OR 5.319, 95% CI: 1.543-18.342, p=0.008) and nonspecific ECG signs of metabolic changes in the myocardium (OR 2.978, 95% CI: 1.216-7.216, p=0.017) regardless of age, gender, the presence of arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). CONCLUSION: In young people under 45 years of age, not only ECG signs of ischemic changes in the myocardium, but also nonspecific ECG signs of metabolic changes in the myocardium are associated with an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis, directly and independently on age and gender, in a long-term, 7-year period.

Associations of Fatty Acid Profile with Abdominal Obesity in Men.

The content of individual unsaturated fatty acids in blood plasma (measured by HPLC) and their association with abdominal obesity in a group of men (mean age 52.2 years) was analyzed. The abdominal obesity was diagnosed according to the criteria of the All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology (waist circumference >94 cm). Men with abdominal obesity had higher levels of ω-6 γ-linolenic and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids, as well as ω-3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. They also had significantly elevated plasma levels of triglycerides and glucose and lower levels of HDL. Using single-factor ROC analysis we determined optimal cut-off thresholds for fatty acid levels indicating the presence of abdominal obesity. The results of regression analysis showed that the level of γ-linolenic acid is directly associated with the chance of abdominal obesity.s.

Associations of adipokines and metabolic hormones with low-density lipoprotein hypercholesterolemia in men and women under 45 years of age.

Aim    To study the adipokine profile in young people with hypercholesterolemia and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and to evaluate the relationship between concentrations of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and metabolic hormones in men and women younger than 45 years. Material and methods    This study included 304 subjects (group 1, 56 men with LDL-C concentration <2.1 mmol/l; group 2, 87 men with LDL-C concentration ≥4.2 mmol/l; group 3, 90 women with LDL-C concentration <2.1 mmol/l; and group 4, 71 women with LDL-C concentration ≥4.2 mmol/l). Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein C, and glucose were measured by an enzymatic assay with ThermoFisher Scientific kits and a KonelabPrime 30i biochemical analyzer. LDL-C was calculated using the Friedewald's formula. Concentrations of amylin, C-peptide, ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucagon, interleukin 6, insulin, leptin, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, adipsin, lipocalin-2, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and resistin were measured by multiplex analysis (Human Metabolic Hormone V3 and Human Adipokine Panel 1 panels).Results    The groups differed in traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. In the male and female patient groups with LDL-C ≥4.2 mmol/l, the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose, incidence of insulin resistance, TG, and TC were higher than in subjects with LDL-C <2.1 mmol/l. The odds for the presence of LDL hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C ≥4.2 mmol/l) were significantly associated with increased concentrations of C-peptide and lipocalin-2 in men and with increased concentrations of lipocalin-2 and decreased concentrations of GLP-1 in women (р<0.05).Conclusion    Increased concentrations of LDL-C in young people were associated with changes in the adipokine profile and with the presence of metabolic syndrome components. These results were confirmed by changes in blood concentrations of metabolic markers that characterize disorders of metabolic processes.

[Cognitive functions and modifiable risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in ageing in a Russian population sample.]

We aimed to investigate the relationship between the indicators of cognitive functions (CF) and modifiable risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) in a cross-sectional analysis in the urban Russian population sample aged 55-84 years. The study investigated a random sample of 3 153 people (men and women 55-84 years old) from a general population cohort of Novosibirsk residents; a sample was examined within the international project HAPIEE. The study protocol included standardized neuropsychological tests (quantitative assessment of memory, semantic verbal fluency, attention and processing speed) and standardized assessment of risk factors, history and treatment of cardiovascular disease and NCD. In cross-sectional analysis we observed a positive relationship of CF indices with level of education and an inverse relationship with metabolic risk factors and smoking in both sexes. The level of total cholesterol and moderate alcohol consumption had positive relationship with CF indices in women. These associations were independent from age and other factors.

Blood Adipokins in Young People with Early Ischemic Heart Disease on the Background of Abdominal Obesity.

Aim      To study blood adipokines spectrum in people aged 25-44 years with early ischemic heart disease (IHD), including that associated with abdominal obesity (AO).Material and methods  A cross-sectional study was performed on a random sample of the population aged 25-44 years in Novosibirsk. 1457 subjects (653 men, 804 women) were evaluated. This study included 123 people divided into four study subgroups: subgroup 1, with IHD associated with AO (n=24); subgroup 2, with IHD and without AO (n=25); subgroup 3, without IHD and with AO (n=44); and subgroup 4, without either IHD or AO (n=30). Concentrations of serum adipokines were measured simultaneously by multiplex assay with a Luminex MAGPIX flow fluorometer and by immune enzyme assay with a MULTISCAN analyzer.Results Subjects with early IHD had lower blood concentrations of adipsin and visfatin than subjects without IHD. Subjects with early IHD associated with AO had higher blood concentrations of adipsin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and leptin and lower concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and visfatin compared to subjects with early IHD and without AO. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower blood concentrations of MCP-1 were associated with a likelihood of early IHD.Conclusion      In young people aged 25-44 years, lower blood concentrations of MCP-1 were associated with a likelihood of early IHD, including that associated with AO.

Polymorphism of genes associated with infectious lung diseases in Northern Asian populations and in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

The innate immune system is the first to respond to invading pathogens. It is responsible for invader recognition, immune-cell recruitment, adaptive-immunity activation, and regulation of inflammation intensity. Previously, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of innate-immunity genes - rs5743708 (Arg753Gln) of the TLR2 gene and rs8177374 (Ser180Leu) of the TIRAP gene - have been shown to be associated with both pneumonia and tuberculosis in humans, but the data are contradictory among different ethnic groups. It has also been reported that rs10902158 at the PKP3-SIGGIR-TMEM16J genetic locus belongs to a haplotype race-specifically associated with tuberculosis. Meanwhile, a gradient of its frequency is observed in Asia. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of selection for the genotypes of the above-mentioned SNPs on the gene pools of populations living in harsh climatic conditions that contribute to the development of infectious lung diseases. We estimated the prevalence of these variants in white and Asian (Chukchis and Yakuts) population samples from Northern Asia and among patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Carriage of the rs5743708 A allele was found to predispose to severe CAP (odds ratio 2.77, p = 0.021), whereas the GG/CT genotype of rs5743708/rs8177374 proved to be protective against it (odds ratio 0.478, p = 0.022) in white patients. No association of rs10902158 with CAP (total or severe) was found among whites. Stratification of CAP by causative pathogen may help eliminate the current discrepancies between different studies. No significant difference in rs5743708 or rs8177374 was found between adolescent and long-lived white samples. Carriage of the alleles studied is probably not associated with predisposition to longevity among whites in Siberia. Both white and Asian populations studied were different from Western European and East Asian populations in the variants' prevalence. The frequency of the rs8177374 T (Ser180Leu) variant was significantly higher in the Chukchi sample (p = 0, χ2 = 63.22) relative to the East Asian populations. This result may confirm the hypothesis about the selection of this allele in the course of human migration into areas with unfavorable climatic conditions.

[Detection of kidney dysfunction potential biomarkers with hypertension in the persons of 25-45 years].

AIM: To assess the significance of symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA), uromodulin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RSB-4), transforming growth factorb1 (TGF-b1), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) as kidney dysfunction potential biomarkers persons with hypertension in persons 2545 years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 147 people. Hypertension was recorded with blood pressure (BP)140/90 mm Hg, renal dysfunction with GFRCKD-EPI90 ml/min/1.73 cm2. Four groups were formed: 1 individuals with hypertension and GFR90 ml/min/1.73 cm2; 2 with hypertension and GFR90 ml/min/1.73 cm2; 3 with BP140/90 mm Hg and GFR90 ml/min/1.73 cm2; 4 with BP140/90 mm Hg and GFR90 ml/min/1.73 cm2. The groups were comparable by gender, age, and number of respondents. Creatinine, SDMA, uromodulin, RSB-4, TGF-b1, PAI-1 levels were examined in all individuals in the serum. RESULTS: The maximum values of SDMA were determined in the 1st and 3rd groups (1.30 and 1.36 mol/l). In the 1st group, an association was found between SDMA and GFR (r=-0.324;p=0.048). In the 1st group, the minimum values of uromodulin were recorded, in the 4th group the maximum values (164.86 and 188.90 ng/ml; at the same timeр=0.921). The level of RSB-4 was the highest in the 1st group, the lowest in the 4th group (88.64 and 80.05 g/ml;p=0.011). The association of RSB-4 with SDMA in the 3rd group (r=0.400;p=0.017), the 4th group (r=0.403;p=0.018) was detected. The level of TGF-b1 was 1.5 times higher in the 1st group than in the 3rd (23.16 and 15.99 g/ml;p=0.026), the association of TGF-b1 with GFR in the 1st group had the opposite direction (r=-0.452;p=0.005). The study of similar indicators of PAI-1 did not reveal its relationship with renal dysfunction in hypertension. CONCLUSION: The results of the study made it possible to consider SDMA, RSB-4, TGF-b1 as potential biomarkers of renal dysfunction in hypertension in persons 2545 years old.

[The forearm fractures in patients with diabetes and without diabetes in population sample aged over 50 years (Novosibirsk)].

BACKGROUND: The attention to the forearm fractures, as to osteoporotic fractures, is important for ensuring early detection of individuals at increased risk of future fractures and taking preventive measures. AIMS: To determine the frequency of a history of forearm fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and without diabetes, and their association with risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 2015-2017, in Novosibirsk, a random urban population sample of males and females, 58-84 years old (n=3878), was surveyed. The study included persons who signed the informed consent to conduct the study, excluded individuals who wrote a waiver of taking blood to determine biochemical parameters. In total, the analysis included n=3393 people, 718 of them with DM2 (21.2%). Work design is cross-sectional research. The collection of information on fractures during for the last 3 years, the registration of socio-demographic data; and risk factors for NCD, a study of biochemical blood parameters. The analysis of the association of DM2 and a complex of risk factors for NCD with a chance of a forearm fracture. RESULTS: The prevalence of forearm fractures in the last 3 years did not differ in patients with DM2 compared with those examined without diabetes and was 2.4% and 2.8%, respectively (p=0.557). Men with fractures had higher cholesterol and HDL values, women had lower body mass index (BMI), compared with people without fractures. According to the results of a multivariate analysis in women, the chance of a forearm fracture is directly associated with smoking in the past, a total cholesterol level of more than 200 mg/dl and inversely associated with a BMI. In men, associations were found of the chance of a forearm fracture with an increase in the level of cholesterol. There was no evidence of DM2 with forearm fracture. CONCLUSION: The obtained data on the incidence of fractures and their association with risk factors for chronic low risk infections suggest the need for preventive measures for osteoporotic fractures, both in people with and without DM2.

[Blood lipids and angina pectoris (by epidemiological cardiological Rose questionnaire) in the population of 25-45 years of Novosibirsk].

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of angina pectoris (AP) according to the standardized epidemiological questionnaire of Rose in the population of 25-45 years of Novosibirsk and to identify its association with some lipid and non-lipid risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of the population aged 25-45 in Novosibirsk was carried out. The study included 1439 people (656 men and 783 women). Within the framework of the complex survey program, the standardized epidemiological questionnaire of Rose (WHO, 1984) was used. Blood levels of total cholesterol (total C), triglycerides (TG), low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C) were determinate by biochemical methods. RESULTS: For all lipid indicators, significant differences were found between men and women. The levels of total C, TG and LDL-C were significantly higher, and the level of HDL-C was lower in men, than in women. According to the Rose questionnaire, out of 1439 people included in the study, 12 patients (0.8%) had AP (75% women). In persons with AP, blood levels of TG were 1.8 times higher, and the levels of HDL-C in blood was 1.2 times lower compared to persons without AP. Univariate analysis of associations of AP with CHD risk factors showed that the chance of developing angina pectoris in the population of 25-45 years was significantly increased in individuals with high blood TG levels (OR 3,515, DI 1,106-11,168, p = 0.039) and low HDL-C (OR 1,203, DI 1,054-1,372, p = 0.006). A natural, although statistically not significant (OR 3,165, p=0,055, due to the small number of groups with AP) increasing in the chance of developing AP in hypertension was detected. CONCLUSION: In the young population of 25-45 years in Novosibirsk, elevated blood levels of TG, reduced levels of HDL-C, and hypertension were associated with AP, according to Rosecardiological questionnaire, which underlines the importance of conducting screening surveys of the young population to improve effective prevention and treatment of diseases.

[10-year risk of fractures (FRAX) in people with diabetes type 2].

AIM: To study indicators of bone mineral densit (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) and to reveal the 10-year fracture risk (FRAX®) taking into account the data obtained in persons with type 2 diabetes (DM2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical study of the type of case - control. The study included 122 people with and without DM2. All persons were: questionnaires, anthropometry, densitometry, determination of TBS and fracture risk on the FRAX®. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Persons with DM2 who underwent a fracture had lower T-score values in all areas except the spine, unlike those with DM2, but without fracture. However, persons with DM2 had a fracture at high values of T-score in vertebrae and hips in comparison with persons without DM. Using the TBS, we did not get a significant difference in any of the examined groups. We also found no differences in the risk of recurrent fractures among women with and without DM2 using FRAX® without densitometry and FRAX® adjusted for TBS. The values of FRAX® by T-score in the group of persons with DM with fractures were significantly lower (p=0.029 for major fractures, p=0.024 for hip fractures) than in persons without DM with fractures. CONCLUSION: Persons with DM2 and fractures have higher BMD values, lower than the FRAX fracture risk values adjusted for the T-score, do not differ significantly in TBS, which determines the difficulties in diagnosis, the need to find additional methods for early diagnosis of increased fracture risk in patients with DM2.

[Erratum: The forearm fractures in patients with diabetes and without diabetes in population sample aged over 50 years (Novosibirsk) (Problems of Endocrinology (2019) 65(2) DOI: 10.14341/probl9799)].

A corrigendum on the article The forearm fractures in patients with diabetes and without diabetes in population sample aged over 50 years (Novosibirsk) by E.S. Mazurenko, S.K. Malyutina, L.V. Shcherbakova, S.V. Mustafina, T.M. Nikitenko, M. Bobak, O.D. Rymar (2018). Problems of Endocrinology 65(2). doi: 10.14341/probl9799 There was an error on the page 84 in the Table 4: symbol greater than or equal to was confuse with lower than in the table raw for menopause; symbol lower than or equal to was confuse with greater than in the table raw for total cholesterol level. The authors and editors apologize for this error. The original article has been updated.

[Associations between metabolic syndrome and reduced lung function in young people]. / Assotsiatsii metabolicheskogo sindroma i snizhennoi funktsii legkikh u lits molodogo vozrasta.

AIM: To reveal possible associations between metabolic syndrome (MS) and reduced lung function. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In 2013-016, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 908 Novosibirsk dwellers, which included spirometry to evaluate external respiratory function (ERF). For the detection of MS, the investigators used the 2009 All-Russian Research Society of Cardiologists criteria: waist circumference (WC) > 80 cm for women and >94 cm for men in combination with two of the following criteria: blood pressure (BP) ≥130/85 mm Hg, triglycerides (TG) ≥1.7 mmol/l, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol <1.0 mmol/l for men and <1.2 mmol/l for women, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol >3.0 mmol/l, and glucose ≥6.1 mmol/l. RESULTS: The mean values of WC were significantly greater with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) <80% than those with a FEV1 of ≥80% in both men (p=0.002) and women (p=0.050); in women, the mean values of WS were higher than those with a FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) <70% than those with a FEV1/FVC of ≥70% (p=0.047); the mean systolic and diastolic BP levels were significantly more with reductions in FEV1 and FVC, and the level of HDL cholesterol was significantly lower than that with a FEV1 of < 80% in men only. Significant correlations were found between FEV1 and all components of MS in men, between the majority of components of MS and FVC in men, between WC, BP, and FEV1/FVC in men and women, between plasma glucose levels and FEV1/FVC in women. Linear regression analysis revealed significant inverse correlations of FEV1 with TG, glucose, BP; those of FVC with TG, glucose; at the same time a positive association with HDL cholesterol in men, and only a negative correlation of FEV1/FVC with WC. CONCLUSION: The revealed associations between MS and reduced lung function can most likely be explained by the greater prevalence of both MS and its components (hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, LDL hypercholesterolemia) among Novosibirsk men. This is consistent with the assertion that the decline in ERF, particularly FEV1, may be a marker of future cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.

[Diagnosis and treatment of psychogenic dizziness in patients with arterial hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence, methods of diagnosis and treatment of psychogenic dizziness in patients with arterial hypertension and evaluate the efficacy of treatment with noophen and betahistin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients were studied. Patients of the main group received noophen and patients of the comparison group were treated with betahistin. Treatment efficacy was assessed on days 1 and 60 by the scores on VAS, HARS, MFI-20 scales. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prevalence of psychogenic dizziness in patients with arterial hypertension was 47%. Noophen in dose 500 mg/day significantly (p<0.001) reduced the severity of dizziness, anxiety, asthenia, and headache compared to baseline and to the efficacy of betahistin as well. The drug showed good tolerability.

[Mortality of old-aged (60 years and older) population in Yakutia subject to data of prospective cohort seven-year study].

Level of total mortality and mortality from cardiovascular diseases was defined subsequent to the results of carried out novel prospective study of cohort of old-age population of the Republic. Subject to seven-year cohort study high indexes of mortality from all reasons (42,7%) and from cardiovascular diseases (28,4%) were registered for the population of Yakutia aged 60 years and older. Circulatory diseases comprise 68% of all died; ischemic heart diseases (59%) and cerebrovascular diseases (22%) are the main reasons among the cardiovascular pathology. In the studied cohort there were found no ethnic and gender differences in mortality levels. Total mortality and mortality from cardiovascular pathology, relative risk of fatal issue development increase statistically significant with the age. The growth rate of total and cardiovascular mortality are practically identical in both ethnic groups.

Relationship of blood levels of inflammatory and destructive biomarkers in coronary atherosclerosis with long-term results of surgical revascularization.

The relationships between blood levels of inflammatory and destructive biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, soluble CD40 ligand, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, endothelial adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinase 3 and 9 and their tissue inhibitor type 1) were studied in men with coronary atherosclerosis before and 5 years after coronary artery bypass surgery. In men with unfavorable course of coronary atherosclerosis in the delayed period, the initial blood levels of C-reactive protein and TNF-α by 1.7 and 3.0 times surpassed those in patients with favorable course of the disease. Associations were revealed between elevated blood content of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p=0.01, odds ratio of 1.33) and IL-8 (p=0.02, odds ratio of 1.02) and deaths in the delayed period; IL-6 (p=0.01, odds ratio of 1.02) and cases of myocardial infarction; C-reactive protein (p=0.02, odds ratio of 1.24) and unfavorable course of the delayed period in general (death, myocardial infarction, worsening of angina pectoris functional class).

[Arterial blood pressure in persons of elderly, senile age and long-livers of Yakutsk: population screening].

The values of arterial blood pressure according to the Yakutsk population screening at the age of 60 and older have been studied. The average values of systolic arterial pressure (both sexes--148, men--145, women--151 mm Hg) are higher than normal values specified by Society of Cardiology of Russian Federation. Long-living persons show its decrease that is more marked in men. The average values of diastolic arterial pressure (both sexes--87, men--88, women--87 mm Hg) correspond to the category of high normal pressure and are decreasing with age to more extent in men than in women. The average values of pulse pressure in elderly and senile age are higher than normal values (both sexes--61, men--57, women--64 mm Hg) with a tendency to grow by 90 years old. Differences in arterial blood pressure levels are educed in gerontic persons depending on presence of abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, smoking and family anamnesis with cases of hypertension.

[Features of arterial blood pressure in elderly persons of different ethnic groups in Yakutsk].

The differences in arterial blood pressure in the sample of population in the age of 60 and older of different ethnic groups in Yakutsk, as well as its connection with the other cardiovascular diseases risk factors have been analyzed. It was shown that the average values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in subsample of the Yakuts appeared to be lower than in Caucasoid gerontic persons. The average values of systolic arterial blood pressure both in the Yakuts and in the Caucasoids were detected higher than normal values in all age-dependent subgroups. The average values of diastolic blood pressure in both ethnic groups were within the limits of high normal level. From 60 to 90 years and older the decrease in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure was detected; it was more marked in Caucasoid gerontic persons. The average values of pulse pressure in the Yakuts and in the Caucasoids appeared to be higher than the existing standard and didn't have any differences in ethnic groups. In both ethnical subsamples, pulse pressure values increase was observed in persons of 60-89 years old and its decrease after 90. Persons with overweight, obesity, central (abdominal) obesity, dyslypoproteidemias irrespective of belonging to ethnical group were characterized as having higher levels of arterial blood pressure. Statistically significant differences in the levels of arterial blood pressure in the Yakuts and in the Caucasoids depending on hyperglycemia, smoking, the presence of burdened anamnesis, educational level, marital status was not detected.

[Gamma-glytamiltransferase activity and cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease and cerebral stroke)].

PURPOSE: To investigate association between gamma-glytamiltransferase levels and the development of CVD. The data were taken from materials of the epidemiological study " Determinants of cardiovascular disease in Eastern Europe " , the HAPPIE project. We investigated representative samples from non-organized population of men and women 45 - 69 years old living in Novosibirsk - 9361 subjects (4275 men and 5086 women). The program of study included: questionnaire of previous CVD, smoking status and alcohol consumption; two blood pressure measurements; anthropometry, biochemical analysis (gamma-glytamiltransferase, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides) and rest ECG. Among all subjects we distinguished three groups: first - patients with diagnosed ischemic heart disease (angina pectoris or myocardial infarction) and without previous cerebral stroke; second - patients with previous cerebral stroke (without ischemic heart disease); third - patients without previous ischemic heart disease and cerebral stroke (control group). We revealed reliable data on sex-dependent difference of gamma-glytamiltransferase activity: men have higher gamma-glytamiltransferase activity compared with women in all age groups. Subjects who didn t take alcoholic drinks during the last year have noticeably lower gamma-glytamiltransferase level than those who took alcoholic drinks during that period. Gamma-glytamiltransferase activity was higher both in men and women in group with ischemic heart disease, than in control group. We did not reveal difference in gamma-glytamiltransferase activity between groups with cerebral stroke and control group. The similar patterns were revealed in subjects who didn't take alcoholic drinks during the last year.

[Providing of adult population of Novosibirsk with iodine].

32,7% of the population of Novosibirsk consume iodine salt. The median of iodine is revealed 106,8 mkg/l. The iodine deficiency is revealed 46,3%. It is not received an authentic difference in volumes of thyroid gland and parameters of TSH at surveyed with normal parameters of excretion of iodine in urine and at a various degree of expressiveness of iodine deficiency (p>0,05). Structural pathology of thyroid gland equally frequently meets at people with iodine deficiency and without iodine deficiency (p>0,05).

[Hyperhomocysteinemia in men of Novosibirsk].

Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) in a sample of male population (n=84, age 50-64 year) of Novosibirsk assessed in the framework of the international project "Determinants of cardio-vascular diseases in the Eastern Europe: multicentral cohort research" during winter-spring period of vitamin deficiency was 50%. In 90.5% of cases HHC was moderate (15-30 micromol/l) and in 9.5% of cases -- medium (30-100 micromol/l). No correlations or independent associations were found between homocysteine blood level and CHD, as well as main risk factors (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking and excessive body weight). No cases of CHD were registered among men with medium HHC. Homocysteinemia correlated positively with age, history of stroke, and negatively -- with alpha-tocopherol concentration in LDL. Men with medium HHC compared with those with normohomocysteinemia had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and 29% lower alpha-tocopherol concentration in LDL.