ABSTRACT
Telocytes of placental villi were studied by electronic microscopy during physiological pregnancy. Ultrastructural features of telocytes indicating their heterogeneity and presence of at least three types of villi depending on their localization and kind were observed. All placental telocytes were characterized by small amount of organelles including mitochondria. Presence of long thin processes, which generated a branching network by contacting with each other, served as a typical feature of telocytes including telocytes of the stroma and intermediate villi. Telocytes were absent in the terminal villi.
Subject(s)
Telocytes/ultrastructure , Adult , Female , Humans , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Placenta/cytology , PregnancyABSTRACT
Placentas from women aged 25-32 years with normal course of gestation were studied. It is essential to stick to certain methodological approaches for preparing viable multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell culture and to carry out morphological (macro and micro) evaluation of the chorionic villi, umbilical cords, and placentas. At stage I of the study, patients' histories, labor course, and examinations of the newborns should be analyzed to exclude women with genital and extragenital diseases. At stage II, it is essential to stick to special regulations and methods for collection of specimens of the cord, amnion, and placental tissue proper. Histological control of the placental structures collected for multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell culturing is obligatory.
Subject(s)
Amnion/cytology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology , Multipotent Stem Cells/cytology , Placenta/cytology , Specimen Handling/standards , Umbilical Cord/cytology , Adult , Amnion/metabolism , Antigens, CD/genetics , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Biomarkers/metabolism , CDC2 Protein Kinase , Cell Differentiation , Chorionic Villi/metabolism , Chorionic Villi/ultrastructure , Cyclin B1/genetics , Cyclin B1/metabolism , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/genetics , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism , Female , Gene Expression , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Infant, Newborn , Ki-67 Antigen/genetics , Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism , Multipotent Stem Cells/metabolism , Placenta/metabolism , Pregnancy , Primary Cell Culture , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism , Umbilical Cord/metabolismABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Glycans expressed in the fetal-maternal interface were shown to exert immunomodulating effects and to mediate interactions between the cells. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the structure of carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx in placental tissue in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (PE). METHODS: A histochemical analysis of placental tissues was performed with a panel of biotinylated lectins. We analyzed placental tissues in women who had severe or moderate PE and compared them to placentas from women with normal pregnancies. RESULTS: There was decreased content of terminal residues of α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (as stained by SNA lectin) in the carbohydrate chains of glycocalyx of the endothelium of placental terminal villi in patients with moderate preeclampsia. The composition of the glycocalyx of syncytiotrophoblast in patients of this group did not differ from the control group. Amount of the glycans with terminal ß-Gal- (ECL) and α-mannosyl residues (ConA) in the syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium of the placenta was significantly higher in the group with severe PE compared to the control group. The increased content of sialoglycans with α(2,6)-linked sialic acids residues were discovered in the syncytium, and the decreased content of α(2,3)-linked sialic acids residues - in the endothelium of terminal villi in preeclampsia. DISCUSSION: The most prominent alteration of the glycocalyx composition was found in the placentas of women with severe preeclampsia. It is likely that the modified glycome of syncytiotrophoblast and capillary endothelium may play an important role in pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Subject(s)
Glycocalyx/metabolism , Placenta/metabolism , Pre-Eclampsia/metabolism , Adult , Chorionic Villi/metabolism , Chorionic Villi/pathology , Female , Humans , Placenta/pathology , Pre-Eclampsia/pathology , Pregnancy , Trophoblasts/metabolism , Trophoblasts/pathology , Young AdultABSTRACT
MicroRNAs (miRs) are the class of short nucleotide sequences (21-27 nucleotides) RNA, non-coding protein synthesis. miRs are known as effective posttranscriptional negative regulators of gene expression with specific binding sites of targeted messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cytoplasm, providing translational repression or degradation of the target miR transcript. In this review we studied the role of miRNAs in the development of a physiological pregnancy and obstetric complications. The placenta is a unique organ which provides modulation of the immune system of the maternal organism during pregnancy including miRs which determine immunological tolerance of the body to the tissues of the fetus. Thus the "placental" miRs in maternal circulation may be the potential biomarker revealed at various obstetric pathology on the early stages before clinical manifestation of the diseases.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation , MicroRNAs/genetics , Placenta/metabolism , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Biomarkers/metabolism , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/genetics , Pregnancy Complications/metabolismABSTRACT
We compared cellular and tissue reactions of the lungs in Wistar rats after inhalation of LPS from E. coli 0128: B12 in the form of ultradispersion in water-salt phase and lipid phase. The estimated dose of the toxin was 200 mg/kg in both series. The content of LPS and TNF-α in lung homogenates, bronchoalveolar fluid, and blood serum was determined 3, 8, and 24 h after inhalation, morphological changes in the lungs were analyzed. Inhalation of LPS in the lipid phase was accompanied by its less intensive accumulation in the lung tissue and bloodstream, and more pronounced accumulation in the bronchoalveolar fluid as well as less intense release of TNF-α in comparison with the effects of LPS in water-salt phase. Macrophage reaction, leukocyte infiltration of the interalveolar septa, and reduction of α-antitrypsin in the lung tissue was more pronounced in series with inhalation with LPS ultradispersions in water-salt phase and lipid phase, and damage to the alveolar epithelium, in the series with the inhalation of the lipid phase.
Subject(s)
Acute Lung Injury/immunology , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Aerosols , Animals , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Inhalation Exposure , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacokinetics , Lung/immunology , Lung/pathology , Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology , Rats, Wistar , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
A total of 115 pregnant women were examined: 59 patients with opportunistic vulvovaginal infections and 56 without infection. Congenital immunity parameters (TLR-2, NF-κB, and IL-2 receptors in placental tissue) were studied by immunohistochemical methods. Realization of congenital infection was associated with activation of IL-6 receptors and TLR-2 in the placenta and an increase of NF-κB level. These changes seemed to reflect the strained status of congenital immunity and were responsible for the intensity of local inflammatory response.
Subject(s)
Immunity, Innate , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology , Uterine Diseases/immunology , Vaginosis, Bacterial/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Chorionic Villi/metabolism , Chorionic Villi/microbiology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Placenta/immunology , Placenta/metabolism , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism , Uterine Diseases/microbiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Placental levels of caspase 1, 8, and 10 were studied by the immunohistochemical method in full-term spontaneous and induced pregnancies. The levels of these caspases in the placental terminal villi were significantly higher in induced pregnancy. The changes were more marked after intracytoplasmatic injection of spermatozoa.
Subject(s)
Caspases/metabolism , Chorionic Villi/enzymology , Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Reproductive Techniques, AssistedABSTRACT
The skull bone tissue was studied under conditions of implantation of Grey nanostructured titanium containing biocomposites and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the coating structure. Implantation of sandblast processed titanium led to more rapid formation of the bone tissue than the use of titanium biocomposites with microarch oxidation (due to porous surface). The type of metal processing was inessential for nanocomposites. Morphogenetic proteins stimulated regeneration and facilitated the formation of structures characteristic of the bone tissue.
Subject(s)
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism , Bone Regeneration/physiology , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Skull/chemistry , Titanium/chemistry , Animals , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Microscopy, Atomic Force , Nanocomposites/therapeutic use , Nanotechnology/methods , Nanotechnology/trends , Rats , Skull/physiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Comparative morphological study of the placentas in women with preeclampsia and small-for-date fetuses was carried out. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) was detected by immunohistochemical methods. Low expression of IGF-1 and high expression of IGF-2 and IGFBP-3 in the placental tissue depending on preeclampsia severity were detected. The most pronounced changes were found in preeclampsia associated with small-for-date fetuses.
Subject(s)
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics , Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics , Placenta/metabolism , Pre-Eclampsia/genetics , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Female , Fetus , Gene Expression , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/metabolism , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/metabolism , Placenta/pathology , Pre-Eclampsia/metabolism , Pre-Eclampsia/pathology , Pregnancy , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Immunohistochemical study of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in placental tissue of pregnant patients with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia of different severity showed that more severe condition was associated with higher expression of these MMP, this underlying the development of pregnancy and labor complications. The most pronounced elevation of the studied MMP levels was found in the basal plate decidual cells in women with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia of more than 18 score.
Subject(s)
Connective Tissue Diseases/enzymology , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , Placenta/enzymology , Pregnancy Complications/enzymology , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Connective Tissue Diseases/pathology , Female , Humans , Organ Specificity , Placenta/pathology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/pathology , Severity of Illness Index , Young AdultABSTRACT
Comparative morphometric evaluation of the quantitative characteristics of vessels in hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia tissue was carried out on preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by immunohistochemical detection of CD34 and CD105. Analysis of histological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin allowed the most ample characterization. Immunohistochemical detection of CD34 promoted better visualization of endotheliocytes, but just some sinusoids in the preparations were labeled. Expression of CD105 visualized the active endothelial cells and hence, helped to evaluate neoangiogenesis.
Subject(s)
Antigens, CD34/analysis , Antigens, CD/analysis , Focal Nodular Hyperplasia/pathology , Liver/blood supply , Liver/pathology , Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology , Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Endoglin , Endothelial Cells/pathology , Female , Humans , Male , Microvessels/pathology , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
A comparative morphological study of the placentas in spontaneous and induced pregnancy aggravated by placental failure was carried out. Placental failure manifested by shrinkage of the terminal villi, lesser number and section areas of their capillaries, and higher expression of vascular endothelium growth factor and endothelial NO synthase in the syncytiotrophoblast and villous endotheliocytes. The changes were more pronounced in pregnancy developing after in vitro fertilization.
Subject(s)
Chorionic Villi/pathology , Placenta Diseases/pathology , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Chorionic Villi/blood supply , Chorionic Villi/metabolism , Female , Fertilization in Vitro , Humans , Middle Aged , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism , Pregnancy , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , Young AdultABSTRACT
Comparative morphological study of the placentas from women with pre-eclampsia of different severity was carried out. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3) was studied by immunohistochemical methods. Branched angiogenesis processes predominated in the placentas of patients with pre-eclampsia. The syncytiocapillary membranes were thickened, the number of syncytial buds was greater than normally. Immunohistochemical studies showed high expression of VEGF and VEGFR-1 and low expression of VEGFR-2 in the placental villous structures.
Subject(s)
Chorionic Villi/metabolism , Pre-Eclampsia/metabolism , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Chorionic Villi/pathology , Female , Humans , PregnancyABSTRACT
Quantitative characteristics of vessels in hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent liver tissue were studied by morphometric methods after immunohistochemical staining for CD34 and CD105. The number of immunopositive vessels decreased with reduction of tumor histological differentiation degree.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood supply , Liver Neoplasms/blood supply , Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Antigens, CD34/metabolism , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/classification , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Endoglin , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Immunohistochemistry , Liver Neoplasms/classification , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Microscopy , Middle Aged , Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolismABSTRACT
We studied morphological structure of the kidneys in chronic endotoxemia modeled against the background of hypothyroidism. The detected changes did not differ from those under conditions of basic endotoxemia model and were characterized by the development of glomerulosclerosis and glomerulohyalinosis. The changes were less severe in rats with hypothyroidism and appeared at the late terms of the experiment. This indicated a moderate protective effect of preexisting thyroid hormone deficiency.
Subject(s)
Endotoxemia/pathology , Endotoxemia/physiopathology , Hypothyroidism/complications , Kidney/pathology , Kidney/physiopathology , Animals , Endotoxemia/complications , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Male , Rats , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine/bloodABSTRACT
A comparative morphological study of primary and relapsing desmoid tumors was carried out. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the progress of desmoid tumors in the form of relapses was paralleled by an increase in the counts of immunopositive cells and intensity of ß-catenin and cycloxygenase-2 expression.
Subject(s)
Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics , Fibromatosis, Abdominal/pathology , Fibromatosis, Aggressive/pathology , beta Catenin/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Disease Progression , Female , Fibromatosis, Abdominal/diagnosis , Fibromatosis, Abdominal/genetics , Fibromatosis, Aggressive/diagnosis , Fibromatosis, Aggressive/genetics , Gene Expression , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , RecurrenceABSTRACT
Comparative morphological study of the placentas from women suffering from pre-eclampsia was carried out. Morphometric studies of histological preparations showed shrinkage and low vascularization of the placental terminal villi determining the development of hypoxia.
Subject(s)
Chorionic Villi/pathology , Placenta/pathology , Pre-Eclampsia/pathology , Adult , Female , Humans , PregnancyABSTRACT
Comparative morphological study of the placentas was carried out in women with pregnancy aggravated by the development of pre-eclampsia. Immunohistochemical methods showed increased expression of endoglin (CD105) and VEGFR1 in all placental structures. The intensity of endoglin and VEGFR1 expression was maximum in the syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous cytotrophoblast cells in severe pre-eclampsia.
Subject(s)
Antigens, CD/metabolism , Placenta/metabolism , Pre-Eclampsia/metabolism , Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/metabolism , Adult , Endoglin , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Trophoblasts/metabolismABSTRACT
Experimental study of the effects of endogenous toxic compounds on endocrine organs showed that the pathomorphological changes were caused by the cytopathic effects of endogenous toxic compounds involving the development of stereotypical reactions to injury. The severity of these reactions depended on the initial functional status of the gland and its involvement in systemic mechanisms of adaptation to the toxic process.
Subject(s)
Endotoxemia/pathology , Adrenal Glands/immunology , Adrenal Glands/metabolism , Adrenal Glands/pathology , Animals , Caspase 3/metabolism , Cell Count , Edema/immunology , Endocrine System/immunology , Endocrine System/pathology , Endothelial Cells/metabolism , Endotoxemia/immunology , Female , Inflammation/immunology , Islets of Langerhans/immunology , Islets of Langerhans/pathology , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Liver/immunology , Liver/pathology , Male , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism , Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/immunology , Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/pathology , Pituitary Gland, Anterior/immunology , Pituitary Gland, Anterior/metabolism , Pituitary Gland, Anterior/pathology , Rats , TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism , Thyroid Gland/immunology , Thyroid Gland/pathologyABSTRACT
Comparative morphometric and densitometric studies of cell nuclei in endocrine tumors of various differentiation degree and endocrinocytes of Langerhans islet in the adjacent pancreatic tissue were carried out. Index of proliferative activity, aneuploidy coefficient, and histogram of nuclear DNA content are recommended as additional criteria for the diagnosis of endocrine tumor malignancy.
