ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In the UK routinely collected computerized clinical data is used to assess progress towards financially incentivised quality targets for chronic disease management including hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for assessing the impact of recording quality target data in the clinical consultation. METHODS: Raters were trained how to rate a multi-channel video of a simulated clinical consultation for interaction between actors, computer use, non-verbal communication. RESULTS: 25% of consultation time is computer use and a median of 4 to 5 items were coded per consultation mainly items related to the hypertension quality target. Intraclass correlation coefficient showed good inter-rater reliability (>0.9; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: We have successfully piloted a novel technique for observing the influence of the computer on the consultation. Despite increasing computer use to record quality target data the overwhelming proportion of the consultation remains doctor patient interaction.
Subject(s)
Clinical Competence , Primary Health Care/standards , Videotape Recording/instrumentation , Family Practice , Humans , Hypertension/therapy , Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Patient Simulation , Pilot Projects , Reproducibility of Results , Time and Motion StudiesABSTRACT
Single-channel video is an established method for assessing the clinical consultation; however, it has limitations. While previous research has concluded that three-channel video recording of clinical consultations offers advantages, using professional equipment made costs prohibitive. In this study we set out to establish whether the benefits of three-channel video could be achieved using low-budget consumer-level equipment. Using a kit assembled for around euro 1000, we produced three-channel video recordings of simulated consultations. We then showed single- and three-channel versions of the videos to a panel of health professionals and recorded their opinions regarding the quality of the material and the level of information presented. We found that our budget three-channel set-up provided the same advantages as professional three-channel video, while the cost and complexity of the process was minimal. It is now affordable as well as feasible to use a budget set-up three-channel video system for training clinicians and assessing the impact of the computer on the consultation.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical/methods , Videotape Recording/economics , Videotape Recording/instrumentation , Communication , Humans , Patient SimulationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: UK general practice is universally computerised, with computers used in the consulting room at the point of care. Practices use a range of different brands of computer system, which have developed organically to meet the needs of general practitioners and health service managers. Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a standard modelling and specification notation widely used in software engineering. OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility of UML notation to compare the impact of different brands of general practice computer system on the clinical consultation. METHOD: Multi-channel video recordings of simulated consultation sessions were recorded on three different clinical computer systems in common use (EMIS, iSOFT Synergy and IPS Vision). User action recorder software recorded time logs of keyboard and mouse use, and pattern recognition software captured non-verbal communication. The outputs of these were used to create UML class and sequence diagrams for each consultation. We compared 'definition of the presenting problem' and 'prescribing', as these tasks were present in all the consultations analysed. RESULTS: Class diagrams identified the entities involved in the clinical consultation. Sequence diagrams identified common elements of the consultation (such as prescribing) and enabled comparisons to be made between the different brands of computer system. The clinician and computer system interaction varied greatly between the different brands. CONCLUSIONS: UML sequence diagrams are useful in identifying common tasks in the clinical consultation, and for contrasting the impact of the different brands of computer system on the clinical consultation. Further research is needed to see if patterns demonstrated in this pilot study are consistently displayed.
