ABSTRACT
AIMS: RAD51 participates in homologous recombination repair (HRR) of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) which may cause genomic instability and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate RAD51 gene expression at transcriptional and translational levels to measure mRNA and protein level and to correlate its relationship with proliferation marker, Ki67 in thyroid cancer patients. This study also explored correlation of these genes with different clinicopathological parameters of the study cohort by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. METHODS: Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect mRNA transcript levels and protein expression of RAD51 and Ki67 in 102 cases of thyroid cancer tissues and equal number of uninvolved healthy thyroid tissue controls. RESULTS: Data showed that expression for both RAD51 and Ki67 was significantly increased in thyroid cancer (p<0.001). High RAD51 and Ki67 expression was associated with later stages, poor tissue differentiation, large tumor size, positive lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. The correlation analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation (r=0.461) between RAD51 and Ki67 on mRNA level and on protein level (r=0.866). Strong correlation was observed between clinicopathological characteristics and selected molecules. CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that upregulation of RAD51 and overexpression of Ki67 may be associated with the progression of thyroid cancer.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism , Rad51 Recombinase/metabolism , Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics , Disease Progression , Female , Genetic Markers , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Ki-67 Antigen/genetics , Lymphatic Metastasis/genetics , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rad51 Recombinase/genetics , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
A 50-year old, diabetic, hypertensive patient with post-CABG status developed complete loss of vision about one hour after coronary angiogram (CAG). Thorough ophthalmological and neurological examination as well as magnetic resonance imaging of brain especially of the occipital region revealed no abnormality. The patient had complete recovery of vision about 48 hours later. We could not document any specific cause or mechanism for the visual loss, although the selective vulnerability of occipital lobes to contrast agent toxicity (Cortical blindness) was the most likely underlying mechanism.
Subject(s)
Blindness, Cortical/diagnosis , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Coronary Angiography/adverse effects , Blindness, Cortical/chemically induced , Coronary Artery Bypass , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Hypertension , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Microalbuminuria (MA), a microvascular irregularity of the blood - urine interface within kidney glomeruli, may reflect the renal sign of global endothelial dysfunction, and has been associated with an elevated risk of serious cardiovascular events including stroke. This case-control study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2008 to December 2009. This relationship appears graded with higher levels of microalbuminuria being independently associated with a greater magnitude of vascular risk over time. We studied 60 patients of ischemic stroke with in 4 weeks of onset of symptoms and performed a case control study for MA by spot urinalysis. The incidence of microalbuminuria was 31.7% of the patients compared with 8.3% of the controls. Of all the traditional risk factors for stroke - age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking showed a positive correlation with the presence of MA (p<0.05). The effect of microalbuminuria and subtypes of ischemic stroke was observed that small vessels stroke (lacunar infract) were more (70%) than large vessels stroke (30%) and effect of microalbuminuria 21.67% higher in small vessels stroke than large vessels stroke. The presence of microalbuminuria appears to independently predict proper clinical outcome following acute stroke.
Subject(s)
Albuminuria/complications , Stroke/etiology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Stroke/urineABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: In developing countries, motorcycle use has grown in popularity in the past decades. Commensurate with this growth is the increase in death and casualties among motorcyclists in these countries. One of the strategic programs to minimize this problem is to reduce motorcyclists exposure by shifting them into safer modes of transport. This study aims to explore the differences in the characteristics of bus and motorcycle users. It identifies the factors contributing to their choice of transport mode and estimates the probability that motorcyclists might change their travel mode to a safer alternative; namely, bus travel. METHODS: In this article, a survey of 535 motorcycle and bus users was conducted in seven districts of Selangor state, Malaysia. A binary logit model was developed for the two alternative modes, bus and motorcycle. RESULTS: It was found that travel time, travel cost, gender, age, and income level are significant in influencing motorcyclists' mode choice behavior. The probability of motorcycle riders shifting to public transport was also examined based on a scenario of a reduction in bus travel time and travel cost. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction of total travel time for the bus mode emerges as the most important element in a program aimed at attracting motorcyclists towards public transport and away from the motorcycle mode.
