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1.
Evol Appl ; 8(6): 545-59, 2015 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26136821

ABSTRACT

Many viruses significantly impact human and animal health. Understanding the population dynamics of these viruses and their hosts can provide important insights for epidemiology and virus evolution. Puumala virus (PUUV) is a European hantavirus that may cause regional outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. Here, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of PUUV circulating in local populations of its rodent reservoir host, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) during eight years. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of all three genome segments of PUUV showed strong geographical structuring at a very local scale. There was a high temporal turnover of virus strains in the local bank vole populations, but several virus strains persisted through multiple years. Phylodynamic analyses showed no significant changes in the local effective population sizes of PUUV, although vole numbers and virus prevalence fluctuated widely. Microsatellite data demonstrated also a temporally persisting subdivision between local vole populations, but these groups did not correspond to the subdivision in the virus strains. We conclude that restricted transmission between vole populations and genetic drift play important roles in shaping the genetic structure and temporal dynamics of PUUV in its natural host which has several implications for zoonotic risks of the human population.

2.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 41(8): 1637-41, 2009 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19484375

ABSTRACT

PCR following two methods of DNA extraction was used to confirm the growth of camel pox virus (CPV) and vaccinia virus in cell culture and chorioallantoic membrane. Results were compared with the commonly used neutralization test. The first method of DNA extraction was accomplished by using viral DNA in tissue culture supernatant and Chorioallantoic membrane, which was released by initial heating for 15 min at 99 degrees C followed by ordinary PCR. In the second method DNA was extracted by using DNA Isolation Kit from tissue culture supernatant and used as a template. Rapid identification and differentiation of CPV and Vaccinia virus were achieved by PCR and this assay proved to be fast and feasible, and can be an alternative to orthodox serological methods.


Subject(s)
Orthopoxvirus/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Vaccinia virus/isolation & purification , Animals , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral , Neutralization Tests , Vero Cells
3.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 41(3): 393-6, 2009 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18626782

ABSTRACT

Camel pox viruses isolated in Sudan and VD45 (African camel pox strain) and Vaccinia virus (Elstree strain) were used for inoculation of chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated eggs (EE) and cell culture (CC). In EE Lesions were seen as pocks ranging in size from 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter, and they increase in size with serial passage and taking opaque- white and opaque- yellow colors. When propagated in Vero cells, these viruses gave clear CPE, characterized by rounding of cells, plaque formation, syncytia and detachment of cells from the glass.


Subject(s)
Chorioallantoic Membrane/virology , Eggs/virology , Poxviridae/growth & development , Vaccinia virus/growth & development , Vero Cells/virology , Animals , Camelus , Chick Embryo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Membranes/virology
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