ABSTRACT
The first "selective" coronary arteriogram was made 50 years ago by Dr. F. Mason Sones at the Cleveland Clinic. Soon afterward coronary arteriography was developed as a diagnostic method suitable for widespread clinical application. This method has revolutionized our understanding of coronary artery disease and has become the basis for selecting and evaluating therapeutic interventions. This Viewpoint commemorates the achievements of the pioneers of coronary arteriography, the difficulties they encountered, and their impact on the development of modern cardiology. Developments during the last half century and prospects for the future are discussed in historical perspective.
Subject(s)
Coronary Angiography/history , Coronary Artery Disease/history , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , OhioABSTRACT
In view of the major impact of medical economic forces, rapidly changing technology, and other pressures on invasive cardiologists, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions determined that a statement of the ethical issues confronting the modern invasive cardiologist was needed. The various conflicts presented to the cardiologist in his or her roles as practicing clinician, administrator of the catheterization laboratory, educator, or clinical researcher were reviewed. In all instances, the major concern was determined to be the welfare of the patient no matter how forceful the pressures from various outside force or concerns for personal advancement might be.
