ABSTRACT
Studies of molecular mechanisms of neoplastic transfromation are being under the thorough investigation, reveal the new genes involved into the tumor development. These genes and their products are potential tumor markers and levels of their expression can be detected using modem assays characterized by high specificity and sensitivity. The review highlights the current status of the molecular diagnostics of gastric cancer, including protein and nucleic acids biomarkers. The genetic and epigenetic changes, which are detected in the malignant and nonmalignant tumor tissue DNA and in the blood plasma DNA from tumor bearing patients, are summarized.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism , Animals , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , DNA, Neoplasm/genetics , Humans , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/geneticsABSTRACT
Concentrations of extracellular deoxy- and ribonucleic acids in blood plasma and cell-surface-bound of blood cells were investigated in healthy donors and patients with malignant gastrointestinal tumors. Our results indicate that high concentration of extracellular DNA in blood plasma along with decreased level of extracellular RNA on the surface of blood cells correlate with development of gastrointestinal cancer. Ratio of nucleic acids in plasma to total amount of nucleic acids circulated in blood is a characteristic parameter distinguishing cancer patients from healthy persons.
Subject(s)
Colonic Neoplasms/blood , DNA/blood , RNA/blood , Stomach Neoplasms/blood , Blood Cells/chemistry , Case-Control Studies , DNA, Neoplasm/blood , Female , Humans , Male , RNA, Neoplasm/blood , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
The humoral factor of non-specific immunity was shown to be inhibited significantly in gastric cancer patients. According to an analysis of immunologic status, phagocytic activity and blood plasma level of lysozymes increased during treatment of stomach cancer, thus pointing to favorable course of postoperative period.
Subject(s)
Calcium/blood , Infusions, Intravenous , Stomach Neoplasms/immunology , Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Antibody Formation , Combined Modality Therapy , Dextrans/administration & dosage , Glucose/administration & dosage , Humans , Immunity, Cellular , Insulin/administration & dosage , Middle Aged , Postoperative Period , Povidone/administration & dosage , Prognosis , Stomach Neoplasms/blood , Stomach Neoplasms/therapyABSTRACT
Blood plasma lipoprotein lipase level was measured in lung and stomach cancer patients before surgery and during postoperative period. A drop in the enzyme level was observed, particularly, in patients at stage IV. Postoperative infusion and drug therapy was followed by increase in the enzyme activity in stage III disease whereas at stage IV, only a tendency of lipoprotein lipase to rise was observed. Deterioration in patient condition led to a sharp decrease in the enzyme activity.
Subject(s)
Clinical Enzyme Tests , Lipoprotein Lipase/blood , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Period , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
A hemocoagulation study of patients with stage I-IV stomach tumors revealed hypercoagulemia and inhibited fibrinolysis regarded as a prethrombotic state. The changes were more pronounced in extensive tumor process (stage IV). Some patients showed initial signs of thrombohemorrhagic syndrome.
Subject(s)
Hemostasis , Stomach Neoplasms/blood , Adult , Aged , Blood Coagulation , Blood Coagulation Tests , Female , Fibrinolysis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Blood volume and its components as well as total, extra- and intracellular fluid were measured in 58 gastric cancer patients (including those with concomitant pathology) on admission, preoperatively and in postoperative period. The parameters were compared with those of 17 healthy controls. On admission, water imbalance was relatively more pronounced in cancer patients with concomitant pyloric stenosis. Correction was effected by preoperative infusions of 10.9 l of liquid in uncomplicated cancer for 9.8 days +/- 2.1 and 25.5 l in cases of concomitant pyloric stenosis for 12.1 days +/- 2.4. As a result of these infusions and drug treatment carried out in preoperative period and during the first five postoperative days, water metabolism returned to normal and postoperative clinical course improved.
Subject(s)
Blood Volume , Body Water/metabolism , Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism , Constriction, Pathologic , Fluid Therapy , Homeostasis , Humans , Preoperative Care , Pylorus/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/complications , Stomach Neoplasms/physiopathology , Stomach Neoplasms/therapySubject(s)
Blood Volume , Hemodilution/methods , Peritonitis/therapy , Animals , Combined Modality Therapy , Humans , RabbitsSubject(s)
Homeostasis , Peritonitis/physiopathology , Acid-Base Equilibrium , Acute Disease , Animals , Appendix/pathology , Bacterial Infections/physiopathology , Bacterial Infections/therapy , Blood Gas Analysis , Gangrene , Liver/metabolism , Oxygen Consumption , Partial Pressure , Peritonitis/therapy , RabbitsABSTRACT
The study was concerned with echinocytosis in cases of fibroadenoma and cancer of the breast as well as malignancies of the lung, stomach and cervix uteri before and after surgical and radiation treatment. A relationship between the level of echinocytosis and tumor stage was observed, the highest level being in stage IV stomach cancer. Radical surgery was followed by a decrease while palliative treatment--by an increase in echinocyte level.
