[Micropolarization of the brain: a noninvasive method for correction of morphological and functional disturbances in acute focal brain lesions and their consequences].

The paper is devoted to the use of small direct current in correction of morphological and functional disturbances of the human brain. Two hundred and one patients aged from 7 to 82 years have been studied. In patients with focal brain damages at the acute stage (1-2 days after stroke), the anode and cathode were placed in the projection of a damaged center. In patients in "autonomic status" condition, the anode was placed both in frontal and parietal projection of the right hemisphere cortex and the cathode--on a mastoid of the right hemisphere. Strength of the current used was 300-500 mcA, time of one procedure--30-40 min. The whole treatment course involved no more than 15 procedures. Before the treatment, after 3-5 procedures of micropolarization and at the end of the treatment course, patients underwent computer tomography and electroencephalographic study. Transcranial micropolarization exerts a cerebroprotective effect and has a selective-systemic character due to an increase of neuronal structures activity boht directly in the area of the impact that manifests with the absence of brain edema and the reduction of the destruction locus by 10-15% just after three procedures and as in the other brain regions that results in the decrease of intensity of general cerebral symptoms. The micropolarization promotes restoration of the broken functional connections in central regulatory systems caused by improvement of interaction between neurons, structures and systems the results finally in restoration of central regulation of body's functions.

[Electromyographic analysis of the role of the otolith apparatus in regulation of postural disorders in humans with extrapyramidal pathology]. / Elektromiograficheskii analiz roli otolitovogo apparata v reguliatsii postural'nykh narushenii u cheloveka pri ékstrapiramidal'noi patologii.

In 30 patients with cervical dystonia in the posture of orthostasis, an obvious change of the electromyographic pattern was shown both at rest and in different functional tests. The analysis has shown an enhanced excitability of motoneurons and a disorder of the cortical control, as well as enhancement of the irradiation process between paired structures controlling activity of opposite muscular groups. After treatment with intratympanal administration of an ototoxical preparation on the opposite side in respect to head turn direction, normalising of the cortical control and diminishing of the excitation irradiation. The data obtained suggest a significant role of the vestibular otolithic apparatus in regulation of postural disorders in extrapyramidal pathology.

[The influence of transcranial micropolarization on convulsive manifestations in children]. / Vliianie transkranial'noi mikropoliarizatsii na vyrazhennost' sudorozhnykh proiavlenii u detei.

Eighteen patients with infantile cerebral paralysis and organic brain damage underwent to therapeutical sessions of transcranial micropolarization directed to decrease the incidence of convulsive fits. Transcranial micropolarization of the posterior temporal and parietal areas caused a marked decrease in the incidence of convulsive fits and made the electroencephalographic pattern normal. This effect was caused by the target exposure of the structures responsible for the formation and regulation of brain convulsive activity to constant current through the respective morphofunctional linkages of the cortical areas.

[The new pathogenetic treatment of cervical dystonia: rationale, methods, outcomes]. / Novyi patogeneticheskii sposob lecheniia tservikal'noi distonii (obosnovanie, metodika, rezul'taty).

The paper presents data obtained from studies of the impact of the otolithic apparatus of the inner ear on the degree of symptoms of cervical dystonia. The findings make it possible to substantiate a pathogenetic treatment of this disease, which involves intratimpanal unilateral injection of the vestibulotoxic antibiotic streptomycin. The results achieved and the mechanisms of the therapeutical effect observed are discussed.

[The use micro-polarization in spinal cord lesions]. / Primenenie mikropoliarizatsii v klinike porazheniia spinnogo mozga.

Transdermal micropolarization of the spinal cord was made in patients with consequences of the spinal cord injury or tuberculous spondylitis. Changes in clinical and electrophysiologic status were evaluated. It was found that local direct current through dermal electrodes promotes an improvement of both motor and autonomic functions in such patients. This corresponded to a positive dynamics both of the spinal cord state and cardiac activity. Possible mechanisms of influence of the direct current on the spinal cord as well as perspectives of application of micropolarization in spinal cord's damage are outlined.

[A cross-correlational analysis of the bioelectrical activity of muscle antagonists in studying human voluntary motor activity in certain forms of motor disorders]. / Krosskorreliatsionnyi analiz bioélektricheskoi aktivnosti myshts-antagonistov v issledovanii proizvol'noi dvigatel'noi aktivnosti cheloveka pri nekotorykh formakh dvigatel'nykh narushenii.

In healthy [correction of beglth] subjects, patients with children's cerebral palsy and spinal cord disturbances, the cross-correlation function of the EMG at the initial phase of voluntary movement and at the phase of static voluntary tension revealed some mechanisms maintaining coordinated interrelations among antagonist muscles at different phases. A new approach is suggested for estimation of the electromyogram and for a finer diagnosis of the CNS lesions at different levels.

[The use of the transcranial micropolarization method for decreasing the manifestations of hyperkinesis in patients with infantile cerebral palsy]. / Primenenie metoda transkranial'noi mikropoliarizatsii dlia snizheniia vyrazhennosti giperkinezov u bol'nykh detskim tserebral'nym paralichom.

Transcranial micropolarization was used in the treatment of children with hyperkinetic form of infantile cerebral paralysis. The method was found to be more effective than various stereotaxic interventions on the brain or routine physiotherapy. Transcranial micropolarization exposure resulted in alleviation of hyperkinesis, posture-tonic reflexes, in improvement of active movements of the joints, supporting system, etc. Clinical status of patients exposed to this treatment modality improved by six times as against those treated traditionally. Clinical data and data of stimulation electromyography permit us to suggest a possible effect of transcranial micropolarization on the function of cerebral subcortical structures in patients with hyperkinetic form of infantile cerebral paralysis.

[Changes in the excitability of the spinal motor neurons during sessions of functional biocontrol in patients with different forms of infantile cerebral palsy]. / Izmenenie vozbudimosti spinal'nykh motoneironov v khode seansov funktsional'nogo bioupravleniia u bol'nykh s razlichnymi formami detskogo tserebral'nogo paralicha.

Excitability changes at the segmentary level of the spine were examined during functional bioregulation sessions administered to patients with various forms of infantile cerebral paralysis (spastic diplegia, spastic hemiparesis) by recording N- and M-responses of musculus soleus and musculus gastrocnemius medial head. Neurophysiologic disorders were revealed at the spinal level depending on the disease form. The authors suppose that presynaptic inhibition is to a greater measure impaired in spastic hemiparesis, whereas spastic diplegia is associated with more extensive involvement even of spinal inhibitory mechanisms proper. Sessions of functional bioregulation resulted in clinical improvement and in development of a trend to normalization of spinal reflectory excitability. Such changes were recorded in musculus soleus of children with spastic diplegia and in gastrocnemius muscle median head of those with spastic hemiparesis. Possible effects of directed afferent currents on structure and function of supraspinal systems regulating spinal mechanisms activity are discussed.

[The effect of controlled afferentation on functional asymmetry in supraspinal disorders in children]. / Vliianie upravliaemoi afferentatsii na funktsional'nuiu asimmetriiu pri supraspinal'nykh narusheniiakh u detei.

A reliable decrease of excitability of the motoneurons controlling the activity of right m. gastrocnemius as compared with the left one, was found in healthy children, where as there was no such difference in children suffering from cerebral paralysis. However, the difference did appear after several sessions of the muscle training with the aid of functional biocontrol technique. Possible mechanisms of the inter-hemisphere asymmetry effect in ontogenesis upon the spinal activity in norm, inherent motor pathology and in the course of the latter's correction, are discussed.

[The compensatory plasticity of the brain when it is damaged]. / Kompensatornaia plastichnost' mozga v usloviiakh ego povrezhdeniia.

A new test for determination of the degree of the compensatory processes after brain damage was proposed in experiments in the cats with one-sided transection of the hemisphere and children with one-sided cerebral palsy. The process of habituation of the skin galvanic reaction was used for this aim.

[Role of diencephalic structures in the regulation of cerebral blood flow]. / Izuchenie roli diéntsefal'nykh struktur v reguliatsii mozgovogo krovotoka.

The effects of electric stimulation of the thalamus, hypothalamus and septum upon the CBF, pO2 of brain tissue, EEG, general arterial pressure and pneumogram, were studied in 74 rabbits with implanted cerebral electrodes. The stimulation mostly resulted in an increase in local blood flow sometimes accompanied by a decrease in cortical blood flow. Other parameters under study changed infrequently and insignificantly. The regulation of the CBF seems to be maintained by intracerebral mechanisms.