Nurses' knowledge and perceptions about osteoporosis: a questionnaire survey.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge about a disease provides professionals involved in its prevention and treatment with the information to make informed decisions about health practices. Gaps of knowledge regarding osteoporosis prevention and treatment have been found among different health professionals over the world, including nurses. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess a wider variety of aspects related to nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding osteoporosis. DESIGN: A cross-sectional research design was used. SETTINGS: Two academic centers in the northern part of Israel. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 158 registered nurses (mean age=39+/-10.3), attending classes at two academic centers. METHODS: Data were collected using a self-administered survey. RESULTS: Nurses were positive about their role and their skills for osteoporosis management, yet subjective and objective knowledge in different aspects of the disease was moderate. The average score of knowledge regarding risk factors for osteoporosis, as assessed by the Facts on Osteoporosis Quiz (FOOQ), was 17 (SD=3) out of 24, with female nurses, nurses working in Health Maintenance Organizations-HMOs, and nurses who underwent a bone density measurement scoring higher (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses believed they have an important role in educating the public on osteoporosis prevention and management. Yet, their knowledge on different issues (e.g. signs of the disease, medication, and lifestyle issues) was only moderate. The only osteoporosis-related aspect they reported being confident about was advising on fall prevention. Measures should be taken in order to expand nurses' knowledge, such as education programs and postgraduate courses.

The will-to-live and survival at old age: gender differences.

In a previous study, the will-to-live (WTL) was presented as a parsimonious and easy to use indicator of well-being, perceived differently by men and women. This study evaluates the role of WTL in long-term survival of elderly men and women. In 1994, socio-demographic, psychosocial, and health characteristics were collected from a sample of 1,138 Israeli elderly persons (70+) by structured interviews. Data regarding survival were gathered 7.5 years later. Results indicated that WTL was significantly related to survival in univariate analyses. However, in multivariate Cox analyses, conducted separately on men and women, the will-to-live predicted survival only among women after adjusting for age, self-rated health (SRH) and psychosocial variables, so that the stronger the WTL, the higher the chances of survival for women. Age, WTL and SRH were the only statistically significant predictors of survival in women. Survival of men was predicted by age, daily functioning, SRH, working outside home or volunteering, and self-esteem. Our findings show that the WTL predicts long-term survival among elderly women, and therefore has a prognostic value. This strengthens its previously presented importance as a generalized indicator of well-being. These findings have practical implications for formal and informal caregivers.

Prediction of survival: a comparison between two subjective health measures in an elderly population.

A large amount of evidence shows that the subjective evaluation of health is a predictor of survival in many different populations. Subjective health (SH) is measured using different types of measures such as a general evaluation of health or a comparative evaluation of health. The aim of this study was to compare the prediction of survival by two measures of SH (a general measure and an age-related measure) and evaluate the association with other variables in an elderly population. The baseline survey was conducted during 1994, covering 1138 men and women aged over 70. The survival status was ascertained 7 years later. After adjustment for age, sex, education, marital status, perceived socioeconomic status and presence of diseases the two SH measures were found to be predictors of mortality, but only in men. In men, there was no significant difference between the two types of SH measures in their prediction of mortality. Also in men, when there was only one or no disease, being married had a protective effect compared with not being married when both types of SH measures were used. In elderly women, the association between the two types of SH and survival diminished after adjusting for the various variables. However, the general SH measure may be the preferable measure to use when needed. Education in women was associated with mortality only via the age-related SH measure.

New approach for teaching health promotion in the community: integration of three nursing courses.

The complexity of the health care system and its interdisciplinary nature require that each component of the system redefine its professional framework, relative advantage, and unique contribution as an independent discipline. In choosing the most efficient and cost-effective work-force, each profession in the health care system must clarify its importance and contribution, otherwise functions will overlap and financial resources will be wasted. As rapid and wide-ranging changes occur in the health care system, the nursing profession must display a new and comprehensive vision that projects its values, beliefs, and relationships with and commitment to both patients and coworkers. The plans to fulfill this vision must be described clearly. This article presents part of a new professional paradigm developed by the nursing department of the University of Haifa, Israel. Three main topics are addressed: The building blocks of the new vision (i.e., community and health promotion, managerial skills, academic research). Integration of the building blocks into the 4-year baccalaureate degree program (i.e., how to practice health promotion with students in the community setting; managerial nursing skills at the baccalaureate level, including which to choose and to what depth and how to teach them; and academic nursing research, including the best way to teach basic research skills and implement them via a community project). Two senior student projects, demonstrating practical linking of the building blocks.