Clinical phenotype and laboratory characteristics of 93 patients with congenital fibrinogen disorders from unrelated 36 families.

Background: Congenital fibrinogen disorders (CFDs) are rare bleeding disorders (RBDs) caused by mutations in 1 of the 3 fibrinogen genes (FGA, FGB, and FGG). Objectives: To investigate the clinical phenotype, laboratory features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CFDs. Methods: Clinical data of 93 subjects with CFDs identified from June 2018 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 93 patients, there were 46 males (49.5%) and 47 females (50.5%), with a median age of 23 years. Fifty-three of 93 (57%) subjects experienced bleeding, 3/93 (3.2%) experienced thrombosis, and 37/93 (39.8%) were asymptomatic. Females were more prone to experience bleeding (P < .0001). The 93 patients exhibited prolonged thrombin time, significantly decreased fibrinogen activity (Fg:C), and normal or decreased fibrinogen antigen. The 93 patients included 3 with hypofibrinogenemia, 16 with hypodysfibrinogenemia, and 74 with dysfibrinogenemia. Among the 53 patients with bleeding, bleeding episodes were identified in 3.8% (2/53), 20.8% (11/53), and 75.5% (40/53) patients with hypofibrinogenemia, hypodysfibrinogenemia, and dysfibrinogenemia, respectively. Genetic analysis was performed on 22 cases from 8 pedigrees, revealing 10 mutations, including 1 novel splice mutation. Twenty-eight (30.1%) subjects received replacement therapy to treat or prevent bleeding, consisting of 8 fresh frozen plasma transfusions, 3 packing and suture treatment, and 61 fibrinogen infusions. Conclusion: Most patients with CFDs have mild or no bleeding symptoms. Fg:C combined with fibrinogen antigen and pedigree investigation can improve the feasibility and accuracy of diagnosis of CFDs. The severity of bleeding symptoms was negatively correlated with Fg:C.

Tumor microenvironment and CAR-T cell immunotherapy in B-cell lymphoma.

Chimeric receptor antigen T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy has demonstrated effectiveness and therapeutic potential in the immunotherapy of hematological malignancies, representing a promising breakthrough in cancer treatment. Despite the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy in B-cell lymphoma, response variability, resistance, and side effects remain persistent challenges. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an intricate role in CAR-T cell therapy of B-cell lymphoma. The TME is a complex and dynamic environment that includes various cell types, cytokines, and extracellular matrix components, all of which can influence CAR-T cell function and behavior. This review discusses the design principles of CAR-T cells, TME in B-cell lymphoma, and the mechanisms by which TME influences CAR-T cell function. We discuss emerging strategies aimed at modulating the TME, targeting immunosuppressive cells, overcoming inhibitory signaling, and improving CAR-T cell infiltration and persistence. Therefore, these processes enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy and improve patient outcomes in B-cell lymphoma. Further research will be needed to investigate the molecular and cellular events that occur post-infusion, including changes in TME composition, immune cell interactions, cytokine signaling, and potential resistance mechanisms. Understanding these processes will contribute to the development of more effective CAR-T cell therapies and strategies to mitigate treatment-related toxicities.

Advances in Fiber-Based Wearable Sensors for Personal Digital Health Monitoring.

With the continuous growth of the global economy, an increasing concern has emerged among individuals with regard to personal digital health. Smart fiber-based sensors meet people's demands for wearable devices with the advantages of excellent skin-friendliness and breathability, enabling efficient and prompt monitoring of personal digital health signals in daily life. Furthermore, by integrating machine learning and big data analysis techniques, a closed-loop system can be established for personal digital health, covering data collection, data analysis, as well as medical diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we provide a review of the recent research progress on fiber-based wearable sensors for personal digital health. Firstly, a brief introduction is provided to demonstrate the importance of fiber-based wearable sensors in personal digital health. Then, the monitoring of biophysical signals through fiber-based sensors is described, and they are classified based on different sensing principles in biophysical signal monitoring (resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, magnetoelastic, and thermoelectric). After that, the fiber-based biochemical signal sensors are described through the classification of monitoring targets (biofluids and respiratory gases). Finally, a summary is presented on the application prospects and the prevailing challenges of fiber-based sensors, aiming to implement their future role in constructing personal digital health networks.

Immune microenvironment associated with the severity of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children.

The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical potential of immune microenvironment in peripheral blood for the severity and therapeutic efficacy of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). A total of 200 newly diagnosed children with LCH during 10 years was enrolled for analysis in this study. Peripheral blood samples were acquired from patients before treatment in our hospital and immune indicators were detected by a four-color flow cytometer. The levels of CD3 + CD8 + T cell, CD3 + CD4 + HLA-DR + T cell, CD3 + CD8 + HLA-DR + T cell, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ in peripheral blood were markedly elevated in LCH patients vs. healthy controls. Patients with multiple system with risk organ involvement (MS-RO + ) exhibited higher levels in IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ, CD3 + CD4 + HLA-DR + T cell and CD3 + CD8 + HLA-DR + T cell, compared to those in patients without risk organ involvement (RO-). Patients who responded effectively to initial chemotherapy showed significantly lower levels of IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, CD3 + CD4 + HLA-DR + T cell and CD3 + CD8 + HLA-DR + T cell in peripheral blood, compared to those in patients who did not respond to initial chemotherapy. Furthermore, univariate analyses were performed that the higher levels of CD3 + CD4 + HLA-DR + T cells, CD3 + CD8 + HLA-DR + T cells and IL-10 in peripheral blood were related to non-response in LCH after initial chemotherapy. Immune microenvironment in peripheral blood may be associated with the severity and treatment response of LCH. The levels of CD3 + CD4 + HLA-DR + T cells, CD3 + CD8 + HLA-DR + T cells and IL-10 may be biomarkers to predict treatment response of LCH patients.

Flow cytometry assessment of reactive T-cells distinguishes classic Hodgkin lymphoma from benign lymphadenopathy in children.

BACKGROUND: Detection of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) neoplastic cells using flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) remains limited. We hypothesized that characterization of the reactive infiltrates could assist in diagnosing cHL in children. METHODS: FCI using four-color staining approaches was performed on 156 lymph node specimens with the following histopathologic diagnoses: cHL (25 cases), reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH, 44 cases), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (87 cases). RESULTS: The overall concordance of FCI data with the histopathologic results of these cases was 81.4%. A reactive expansion of T-cells with increased expression of CD45RO was present in the reactive infiltrate of cHL (CD45RO/CD3, 67.5%) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infected RLH (62.7%) but not in EBV-negative RLH (28.0%). The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD7 was higher for cHL and differed significantly from EBV-positive RLH (138.5 vs. 63.8). A proposed diagnostic algorithm markedly elevated the overall concordance rate from 81.4% to 97.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Immunophenotyping the reactive infiltrate of lymphoid tissue using flow cytometry is a reliable supplement to histopathology for the rapid diagnosis of pediatric cHL.

High percentages of peripheral blood T-cell activation in childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma are associated with inferior outcome.

The aims of this study were to investigate the activation of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood from children with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and explore their roles for prognosis in HL. A cohort of 52 newly diagnosed children with HL during the past 10 years was enrolled for analysis in this study. Peripheral blood samples of the patients were acquired before treatment in our hospital, and T-cell subsets were detected by a four-color flow cytometer. CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio decreased significantly in patients with HL vs. healthy controls. CD8+ T cells, CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells, and CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells increased markedly in patients with HL vs. healthy controls. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells and CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells each distinguished the high-risk group from the low- and intermediate-risk group. The area under the ROC curve for predicting high-risk patients was 0.795 for CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+ T cell and 0.784 for CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+ T cell. A comparison of peripheral blood T-cell subsets that responded differently to therapy showed significantly higher percentages of CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells and CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells in patients who achieved complete remission compared to those who did not achieve complete remission. In addition, high percentages of both CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells and CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells were associated with inferior event-free survival. Peripheral immune status may be related to disease severity in HL. CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells and CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells may be a novel indicator for risk stratification of HL and may be an independent risk factor for inferior outcome in childhood HL.

The important roles and molecular mechanisms of annexin A2 autoantibody in children with nephrotic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, B-cell dysfunction has been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). B cells play a pathogenic role by secreting antibodies against their target antigens after transforming into plasma cells. Therefore, this study aimed to screen the autoantibodies that cause PNS and explore their pathogenic mechanisms. METHODS: Western blotting and mass spectrometry were employed to screen and identify autoantibodies against podocytes in children with PNS. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments were used to study the pathogenic mechanism of PNS. The results were confirmed in a large multicenter clinical study in children. RESULTS: Annexin A2 autoantibody was highly expressed in children with PNS with a pathological type of minimal change disease (MCD) or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis without genetic factors. The mouse model showed that anti-Annexin A2 antibody could induce proteinuria in vivo. Mechanistically, the effect of Annexin A2 antibody on the Rho signaling pathway was realized through promoting the phosphorylation of Annexin A2 at Tyr24 on podocytes by reducing its binding to PTP1B, which led to the cytoskeletal rearrangement and damage of podocytes, eventually causing proteinuria and PNS. CONCLUSIONS: Annexin A2 autoantibody may be responsible for some cases of PNS with MCD/FSGS in children.

Synergism of rMV-Hu191 with cisplatin to treat gastric cancer by acid sphingomyelinase-mediated apoptosis requiring integrity of lipid raft microdomains.

BACKGROUND: DDP-based chemotherapy is one of the first-line treatment in GC. However, the therapeutic efficacy of DDP is limited due to side effects. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop novel adjuvants to synergize with DDP. We had demonstrated previously that rMV-Hu191 had antitumor activity in GC. Here we examined the synergism of rMV-Hu191 with DDP in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Cellular proliferation, the synergistic effect and cell apoptosis were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, ZIP analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. The protein levels and location of ASMase were monitored by western blot and immunofluorescence assay. shRNA and imipramine were used to regulate the expression and activity of ASMase. MßCD was administrated to disrupt lipid rafts. Mice bearing GC xenografts were used to confirm the synergism in vivo. RESULTS: From our data, combinational therapy demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity both in resistant GC cell lines from a Chinese patient and drug-nonresistant GC cell lines, and increased cell apoptosis, instead of viral replication. Integrity of lipid rafts and ASMase were required for rMV-Hu191- and combination-induced apoptosis. The ASMase was delivered to the lipid raft microdomains at the initial stage of rMV-Hu191 treatment. In vivo GC mice xenografts confirmed the synergism of combinational treatment, together with increased apoptosis and trivial side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate that rMV-Hu191 combined with DDP could be used as a potential therapeutic strategy in GC treatment and the ASMase and the integrity of lipid rafts are required for the synergistic effects.

A 6-Year-Old Boy With a Mediastinal Mass.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 6-year-old boy was referred to our hospital with an anterior mediastinal mass. This was discovered by chest radiography performed when the boy was examined after being caught by an elevator door about 2 weeks earlier. The patient had been born full term without any complications during pregnancy or delivery. No clinical symptoms were observed during this presentation, and he had no history of previous infections.

Hemolytic specimens in complete blood cell count: Red cell parameters could be revised by plasma free hemoglobin.

INTRODUCTION: Hemolysis is the main cause of unqualified clinical samples. In this study, we established a method for detecting and evaluating hemolysis in whole blood test. We used a mathematical formula for correcting the influence of hemolysis on complete blood cell count (CBC) so as to avoid re-venipuncture and obtain more accurate parameters of red blood cell detection, reduce the burden of patients, and improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Hemolytic samples were selected and then corrected using the new formula. Plasma free hemoglobin (fHB) was used as the criterion to determine the degree of hemolysis; the uncertainty of measurement is acceptable as the limit value of deviation between the measured value and the revised value. Hemolysis simulation analysis in vitro and continuous monitoring of clinical patients were used to verify the correction effect. RESULTS: A total of 83 clinical samples with hemolysis were collected and analyzed; fHB 1.4 g/L was selected as the unacceptable value for clinical hemolysis detection. In hemolytic samples, the red blood cell parameters corrected by formula are significantly different from those uncorrected and had a good consistency with those before hemolysis. CONCLUSION: The results show that the hemolysis phenomenon of CBC has a significant impact on routine blood testing. By using the new formula, the influence of hemolysis on erythrocyte and related parameters can be quickly and easily corrected, thus avoiding venipuncture again for re-examination, reducing diagnostic errors, and saving medical resources.

Evaluation of a commercial latex agglutination test for detecting rotavirus A and human adenovirus in children's stool specimens.

OBJECTIVES: Rotavirus A and human adenovirus are the two most common causes of infantile diarrhea; thus, it is of great importance to find out a rapid and accurate diagnostic method. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of latex agglutination test for detection of rotavirus A and human adenovirus. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 214 diarrhea children from September 2018 to March 2019 in our hospital. Fresh stool samples were collected for detection of rotavirus A and human adenovirus by latex agglutination test and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Then, the consistency of results detected by these two methods was analyzed． RESULTS: With performing the latex agglutination test, it was revealed that positive rates for detecting rotavirus A virus and human adenovirus were 23.83% (51/214) and 25.24% (54/214), respectively. Meanwhile, results of RT-qPCR showed that positive rates for detecting rotavirus A virus and human adenovirus were 58 (27.10%) and 59 (27.57%), respectively. Using RT-qPCR as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the latex agglutination test for detecting rotavirus A were 81.03% and 97.44%, and the corresponding values for detecting human adenovirus were 76.27% and 94.19%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This latex agglutination test showed a satisfactory consistency with RT-qPCR for detecting rotavirus A and human adenovirus. The mentioned commercial assay may be highly appropriate for rapid screening of rotavirus A and human adenovirus.

Construction of Multiple-Substituted Chiral Cyclohexanes through Hydrogenative Desymmetrization of 2,2,5-Trisubstituted 1,3-Cyclohexanediones.

The construction of chiral multiple-substituted cyclohexanes motifs is a challenging topic in organic synthesis. By the combination of desymmetrization and remote stereocontrol, a ruthenium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenative desymmetrization of 2,2,5-trisubstituted 1,3-cyclohexanediones has been successfully developed for the construction of chiral multiple-substituted cyclohexanes with high enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. When an ester group was introduced to the two-position, a hydrogenative desymmetrization/transesterification cascade occurred, affording the bicyclic lactones bearing three stereocenters, including two discrete stereocenters and one quaternary stereogenic center, with high enantioselectivity. The products are the multiple-substituted chiral cyclohexanes bearing the hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups, which provide a new opportunity for further precise elaboration.

Effect of ectopic high expression of transcription factor OCT4 on the "stemness" characteristics of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ectopic high expression of OCT4 on the stemness characteristics of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). METHODS: BM-MSCs were collected from three de novo acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and three aplastic anemia patients (AA), which were cultivated by the whole bone marrow adherent method. Surface markers of BM-MSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM); meanwhile, growth characteristics were observed with a phase contrast microscope, and population doubling time (PDT) was calculated. The optimal generation cells (P4) were used for the subsequent experiments. Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-OCT4 was constructed and transferred into ALL MSCs by liposome transfection. The cells with stable and high expression of OCT4 were selected by G418 resistance screening and subcloning, of which the expression of OCT4 was verified by FCM, cellular immunofluorescence assay (CIFA), and RT-PCR. The expression of stemness-related transcription factors (TFs) (NANOG, SOX2) and the embryonic stem cell (ESC)-related surface markers (SSEA4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81) were analyzed by FCM, RT-PCR, and CIFA. Embryonic body (EB) formation was performed with the above cells, and triembryonic differentiation marker genes were evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The primary passage of AA MSCs grew more slowly and had longer PDT (16 days on average) than ALL MSCs (10 days on average). AA MSCs presented the same typical morphology and similar expression levels of specific mesenchymal markers as ALL MSCs, whereas the latter had a much better proliferative capacity in P4 cells (P < 0.05). Besides, the expression levels of surface markers in ALL MSCs were slightly higher than that in AA MSCs in P4, P7, and P10 cells (P < 0.05). Cell lines with stable and high expression of OCT4 were successfully established from ALL MSCs, which were confirmed by CIFA, FCM, and RT-PCR. Compared with untransfected parental MSCs, the mean expression levels of TFs in OCT4 overexpression MSCs were increased from 0.63 ± 0.37% to 39.39 ± 1.85% (NANOG) and from 14.34 ± 2.44% to 91.45 ± 4.56% (SOX2). The average expression levels of ESC surface markers were increased from 3.33 ± 2.35%, 1.59 ± 1.29%, and 1.46 ± 0.86% to 84.98 ± 9.2%, 57.28 ± 6.72%, and 75.88 ± 7.35% respectively for SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81, which were confirmed by CIFA analysis. Moreover, the OCT4 overexpression MSCs could form EBs ex vivo and express ectoderm (TUBB3, WNT1), mesoderm (Brachyury, TBX20), and endoderm (SPARC) genes. CONCLUSION: Ectopic high expression of transcription factor OCT4 in BM-MSCs may drive them to grow as ESC-like cells with "stemness" characteristics. Single OCT4 transfection can upregulate the expression of other stemness-related transcription factors such as NANOG and SOX2.

A recombinant measles virus vaccine strain rMV-Hu191 has oncolytic effect against human gastric cancer by inducing apoptotic cell death requiring integrity of lipid raft microdomains.

Live-attenuated strain of measles virus (MV) has oncolytic effect. In this study, the antitumor effect of rMV-Hu191, a recombinant Chinese Hu191 MV generated in our laboratory by efficient reverse genetics system, was evaluated in gastric cancer (GC). From our data, rMV-Hu191 induced cytopathic effects and inhibited tumor proliferation both in vitro and in vivo by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. In mice bearing GC xenografts, tumor size was reduced and survival was prolonged significantly after intratumoral injections of rMV-Hu191. Furthermore, lipid rafts, a type of membrane microdomain with specific lipid compositions, played an important role in facilitating entry of rMV-Hu191. Integrity of lipid rafts was required for successful viral infection as well as subsequent cell apoptosis, but was not required for viral binding and replication. CD46, a MV membrane receptor, was found to be partially localized in lipid rafts microdomains. This is the first study to demonstrate that Chinese Hu191 MV vaccine strain could be used as a potentially effective therapeutic agent in GC treatment. As part of the underlying cellular mechanism, the integrity of lipid rafts is required for viral entry and to exercise the oncolytic effect.

S3Ab, a novel antibody targeting B lymphocytes, is a potential therapeutic agent for B-lineage malignancies.

CD79α protein together with the related CD79ß protein forms the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR). It remains present when B cells transform into active plasma cells, and is also present in virtually all B cell neoplasms. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) S3 (S3Ab) is a novel anti-CD79α antibody generated by using Raji cells as an immunogen. Herein, we conducted a study on S3Ab using various cellular and immunocytological techniques. The results showed that S3Ab could recognise CD79α in living cells. The molecular weights of the heavy and the light chains of S3Ab were 55 and 26 kDa, respectively. S3 antigen is only expressed on more mature B cells and negative on blast B cells. It could partially block the binding of anti-CD79α (Hm47, recognising the cytoplasmic domain of CD79α) to target cells. Immunoprecipitation experiment showed that S3 antigen is about 33 kDa and S3 can specifically bind to the recombinant extracellular segment of CD79α. The internalisation rate of S3Ab to the target cells was as high as 74.0% after incubation at for 3 h. In conclusion, S3Ab is probably a new target molecule for B cells and can be an excellent antibody in targeting treatment of haematopoietic malignancies, warranting further development of this agent.

Preparation of Axially Chiral 2,2'-Biimidazole Ligands through Remote Chirality Delivery and Their Application in Asymmetric Carbene Insertion into N-H of Carbazoles.

Axially chiral biimidazole ligands have been rarely synthesized and studied, in contrast to the significant achievements in the synthesis and application of central chiral imidazole ligands. Herein, a series of novel axially chiral 2,2'-biimidazole ligands were synthesized from the reaction of 2,2'-bis(bromomethyl)-1,1'-binaphthalene and 2,2'-biimidazole in one step through the strategy of remote chirality delivery. These ligands have been proven to be efficient for Cu- or Fe-catalyzed asymmetric insertion of α-aryl-α-diazoacetates into the N-H bond of carbazoles with up to 96% ee.

Comparative Analysis of Flow Cytometry and Cytomorphology for Neuroblastoma Cell Detection in Effusion and Bone Marrow Specimens.

Background：Neuroblastoma (NB) frequently metastasizes to the bone marrow (BM), pleural and peritoneal cavities. The detection of NB cells in the BM and effusion specimens is important in clinical staging. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the ability of flow cytometry (FCM) and cytomorphology (CM) in detecting NB cells. Materials and methods：From 21 patients with suspected NB metastasis, BM and effusion specimens were analyzed by FCM and CM. Results：A total of 16 effusion (76.2%) and 9 BM (42.9%) specimens were classified by FCM as positive for malignancy. CM revealed 12 (57.1%) and 9 (42.9%) positive effusion and BM specimens, respectively. There were three effusions detected by CM but not by FCM. There was no significant differences between FCM and CM in the detection of NB cells in effusions (p = 0.344). Conclusions：FCM can be used as an adjunct to CM for the detection of NB cells in effusion specimens.

Red Cell Distribution Width Is an Independent Risk Factor of Patients with Renal Function Damage in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus of Children in China.

AIMS: The aim of this study is to investigate whether red cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with renal function damage in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) of children in China. METHODS: We used urine albumin-creatinine ratio to define microalbuminuria (MAU). A total of 170 patients were recruited in the study including 88 patients with MAU and 82 patients without MAU. Clinical and laboratory data of two groups were compared. RESULTS: The present study demonstrated that the RDW values were significantly higher in patients with MAU than those without MAU. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that RDW was an independent risk factor for renal function damage in T1DM. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to investigate the relationship between MAU and RDW, the area under the curve was 0.75. Using the cut-off point of 12.8, RDW predicts renal function damage in T1DM patients with a sensitivity of 75.8% and a specificity of 58.2%. CONCLUSION: In this study, we suggested that RDW could be used as an effective predictor of diabetic early renal function damage or diabetes-related complications.

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbocyclic Aromatic Amines: Access to Chiral Exocyclic Amines.

The first highly enantioselective hydrogenation of carbocyclic aromatic amines has been successfully realized using in situ-generated chiral ruthenium complex as catalyst, affording facile access to chiral exocyclic amines with up to 98% ee.