Trends, composition and distribution of nurse workforce in China: a secondary analysis of national data from 2003 to 2018.

OBJECTIVES: Given the increased ageing population and frequent epidemic challenges, it is vital to have the nurse workforce of sufficient quantity and quality. This study aimed to demonstrate the trends, composition and distribution of nurse workforce in China. DESIGN: Secondary analysis using national public datasets in China from 2003 to 2018. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: National population, nurse workforce and physician workforce. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency and proportion were used to demonstrate: (1) the longitudinal growth of nurse workforce; (2) the diversity of nurse workforce in gender, age, work experience and education level; and (3) the distribution of nurse workforce among provinces, rural-urban areas and hospital/community settings. The Gini coefficient and Theil L index were used to measure the inequality trends of nurse workforce. RESULTS: The total number of nurses increased from 1.3 million to 4.1 million and the density increased from 1 to 2.94 per 1000 population over 2003-2018. The nurses to physician ratio changed from 0.65:1 to 1.14:1. The majority of the nurse workforce was female, under 35 years old, with less than 30 years of work experience, with an associate's degree and employed within hospitals. Central and eastern regions had more nurses and there were 5.08 nurses per 1000 population in urban areas while less than two in rural areas in 2018. The Gini coefficient and between-provincial Theil index experienced a consistent decline. Within-province inequality accounted for overall inequality has risen from 52.38% in 2010 to 71.43% in 2018 suggested that the differences of distribution are mainly reflected in urban and rural areas. CONCLUSION: Chinese nurse workforce has been changed significantly in the past 15 years that may be associated with the reformations of policy, nursing education in China. Our study suggests current features in the nurse workforce and can be used to strengthen future health services.

Translation of the ICIQ-bladder diary and its validation among Chinese females with lower urinary tract symptoms.

PURPOSE: To translate the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ)-bladder diary into Chinese and validate it among Chinese women with lower urinary tract symptoms. METHODS: After receiving permission to translate and validate the ICIQ-bladder diary from Bristol Urological Institute, a Chinese ICIQ-bladder diary was developed through translation, re-translation and cultural adaption. Subsequently, we tested its reliability, validity and responsiveness and evaluated its optimal record duration among females with lower urinary tract symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 146 participants were recruited in the study. We interviewed eight women about the content and format of the ICIQ-bladder diary, and they all thought it was clear and easy to use. Nineteen women completed the ICIQ-bladder diary twice with a 2-week interval. The resulting agreement of each item fluctuated between 0.582 and 0.940. A total of 11 urologists and nurses evaluated its content validity, and the experts' authority was 0.94 ± 0.06. The item content validity index of the ICIQ-bladder diary was 0.909-1.000, and the scale content validity index was 0.974. Another 22 women recorded their information in the ICIQ-bladder diary pre- and post-treatment, which showed a significant difference (P < 0.01), demonstrating rigorous responsiveness. Eighty-six women completed the ICIQ-bladder diary for 4 days, and the optimal duration of the ICIQ-bladder diary was tested as 3 days. CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese ICIQ-bladder diary demonstrates good stability, strong content validity and rigorous responsiveness among Chinese women with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Based on Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process to construct the Evaluation Index system of nursing simulation teaching quality.

BACKGROUND: Simulation has been widely adopted in nursing education, as is known to all, the quality of simulation could be affected by many factors. Since there is not a comprehensive and scientific evaluation Index system, it is important to construct an evaluation Index system to guide high-quality simulation. OBJECTIVES: To construct the Evaluation Index system of Nursing Simulation teaching Quality and determine the weight of each indicator. DESIGN: It is a phenomenological research study. SETTINGS: The study was mainly conducted in one universities in China. PARTICIPANTS: 27 nursing education experts from China participated in this study. METHODS: This study combines the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process method. RESULTS: Evaluation Index system of Nursing Simulation teaching Quality is built using Delphi method, including five first level index (Teacher, Student, Simulation design characteristics, Educational practices and Outcomes), 14 secondary index and 62 tertiary index. It's determined through a two-rounded experts consultation involving 27 experts. The recovery rates of two rounds consultation questionnaire were respectively 96.43% and 100%, and coefficient authority was 0.89. The Kendall's W of second and third level index were respectively 0.515 and 0.589 (P < 0.001). And the weighted value of quality index are established at all levels with the consistency ratio (C.R.) <0.1, demonstrating that Teacher (0.4109) came first among the five first-level index followed by Student (0.2593), the Educational practices (0.1812), Simulation design characteristics (0.096) and Outcomes (0.0527). CONCLUSIONS: The quality index of nursing simulation education is scientific and reliable, so as its weight assignment. It can be a guidance for high-quality simulation teaching, and it is a valid tool to evaluate the quality of simulation teaching in nursing.

Evaluating the quality of simulation teaching in Fundamental Nursing Curriculum: AHP-Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Simulation has been widely adopted in nursing education, while it is difficult to evaluate the quality of simulation. AHP-Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation could be an effective method based on one a comprehensive and scientific evaluation Index system. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the quality of simulation teaching in ⟨Fundamental Nursing Curriculum⟩ with fuzzy comprehensive method, and to provide a scientific evaluation method for the improvement of simulation teaching. DESIGN: It is a phenomenological research study. SETTINGS: The study was mainly conducted in one university in China. PARTICIPANTS: 94 second-year nursing students participated in this study. METHODS: The grade 2015 nursing undergraduate students in Peking university school of nursing as the evaluation subjects were to evaluate the simulation teaching quality on ⟨Fundamental Nursing Curriculum⟩, Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method was used. RESULTS: The quality score is 73.55-100 (91.71 ±â€¯6.98) points of 94 students. According to the result of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the simulation teaching quality belonging to the "excellent, good, moderate, poor, very poor" of membership degree are respectively "0.6794, 0.2500, 0.00640, 0.0039, 0.0028", and by maximum membership degree of effective inspection, calculate ɑ = 2.3965, 1 ≤ ɑ < + ∞. CONCLUSIONS: The application of simulation teaching in ⟨Fundamental Nursing Curriculum⟩ proves high quality. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation combining subjective evaluation and objective evaluation proves to be a scientific and feasible methodology in nursing education.

An Innovative Evaluation in Fundamental Nursing Curriculum for Novice Nursing Students: An Observational Research.

BACKGROUND: is the first specialized curriculum for nursing students, laying a foundation for nursing education. includes many important basic nursing skills, which suggests the traditional examination could not evaluate how well students learn. Since the OSCE (objective structured clinical examination) developed, it has been used among newly graduated nurses, postgraduate nursing students and achieved some success. OSCE might be a better way to evaluate and reflect students' fundamental nursing skills and comprehensive abilities, although few studies have put it into practice. OBJECTIVES: To build an examination model relating to based on OSCE, and put this examination model into practice, and then evaluate the reliability and validity of this examination model. DESIGN: This study is to design an examination model based on literature and teaching purposes of . A quantitative descriptive survey methodology was used to obtain the students' outcome and the views of the students on the process and outcome. SETTINGS: This study was conducted in the nursing school of one comprehensive university in Beijing, China. PARTICIPANTS: 99 undergraduate nursing students in second year participated in this study. METHODS: The OSCE consisted of 4 interactive simulated patient stations, 2 operating stations without standard patients, 2 theoretical stations. We designed 4 standardized process-based case scenarios and corresponding scripts pertinent to each station. 4 standard patients and 8 teachers of were recruited, trained and evaluated before the implementation of objective structured clinical examination. RESULTS: The average score of overall fundamental nursing skills was 90.51 ±â€¯4.00. The Cronbach alpha was 0.665, demonstrating the OSCE is reliable. The content validity of each station varies from 0.90-1, and the criterion validity was promising (R = 0.661, p = 0.000). Also, most students were in favor of OSCE to evaluate in . CONCLUSIONS: The OSCE is a reliable and valid assessment tool in . Meanwhile, it could inspire students' critical thinking and promote students' communication skills. Through successive application of OSCE in nursing education from the very beginning, it might also have some potential effect on the clinical performance.

Nurses' satisfaction with use of a personal digital assistants with a mobile nursing information system in China.

BACKGROUND: Personal digital assistants, technology with various functions, have been applied in international clinical practice. Great benefits in reducing medical errors and enhancing the efficiency of clinical work have been achieved, but little research has investigated nurses' satisfaction with the use of personal digital assistants. AIM: To investigate nurses' satisfaction with use of personal digital assistants, and to explore the predictors of this. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey targeting nurses who used personal digital assistants in a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Beijing. RESULTS: A total of 383 nurses were recruited in this survey in 2015. The total score of nurses' satisfaction with use of personal digital assistants was 238.91 (SD 39.25). Nurses were less satisfied with the function of documentation, compared with the function of administering medical orders. The time length of using personal digital assistants, academic degree, and different departments predicted nurses' satisfaction towards personal digital assistant use (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nurses were satisfied with the accuracy of administering medical orders and the safety of recording data. The stability of the wireless network and efficiency related to nursing work were less promising. To some extent, nurses with higher education and longer working time with personal digital assistants were more satisfied with them.

A Nursing Pain Assessment and Record Information System: Design and Application in the Oncology Department.

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional feeling accompanying existing, impending, or potential tissue damage. Valid pain assessment and standardized pain documentation are important in oncology pain management; however, they are still deficient. Thus, we developed a pain assessment and record information system for nurses in the oncology department and implemented a questionnaire survey to evaluate users' acceptance of the system. The pain assessment system focused on usability and efficiency to provide a modified workflow that was safe, less time-consuming, patient centered, enjoyable, and efficient. The pain assessment and record chart types in the system enabled greater standardization of pain assessments and records. The application of the system greatly improved the efficiency of nursing in the oncology department, guiding nurses in an accurate and comprehensive patient pain assessment and contributing significantly to further improvement in pain care standards and care decisions. Nurses and doctors surveyed reported a high degree of satisfaction with factors such as saving time and improving the capacity of pain control, suggesting that the system enhanced the quality of pain management. Through this system, we can promote pain management, improving care quality for patients.