Novel pathway of stabilized Cu2S volatilization by derivated CH3Cl.

Stabilized heavy metals-containing phases and low chlorine utilization limit heavy metals chlorination reactions. The traditional method of adding chlorinating agents can promote heavy metals chlorination volatilization, but the limiting factor has not been resolved and more chlorides are emitted. Herein, a new reaction pathway to promote heavy metals chlorination volatilization through the transformation of stabilized heavy metals-containing phases and chlorine species by the addition of biomass at the sintering is first reported. The Cu volatilization efficiency increased sharply from 50.50% to 93.21% compared with the control, Zn, Pb, and Cd were nearly completely volatilized. Results show that the biomass carbonization process was more important for Cu chlorination volatilization. Stabilized heavy metals-containing phases were converted from Cu2S to CuO and Cu2O with the biochar and oxygen, increasing the activity of Cu. The chlorine species KCl reacted with CH3-containing groups to form CH3Cl, which reacted with CuO with a lower Delta G than HCl and Cl2, increasing the tendency for the conversion of CuO to CuCl. Cu chlorination volatilization process, following shrinking core kinetic model and controlled by chemical reactions. The outcomes fundamentally addresses the limiting step for heavy metals chlorination volatilization, supporting the incineration fly ash harmless treatment.

Effects of medical waste incineration fly ash on the promotion of heavy metal chlorination volatilization from incineration residues.

High contents of heavy metals and Cl are major challenges for incineration residue disposal. Classification by the Chinese government and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic have changed the characteristics of incineration residues, thereby increasing the difficulty of disposal. In this study, medical waste incineration fly ash (MWI FA) was proposed as an additive to promote chlorination volatilization of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) and medical waste incineration slag (MWI S). When the mixing ratio of MWI FA to MSWI FA was 1:3, the chlorination volatilization efficiencies of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd at 1000 °C for 60 min were 50.2%, 99.4%, 99.7%, and 97.9%, respectively. When MWI FA was mixed with MWI S at a ratio of 1:1, the chlorination volatilization efficiencies of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd at 1200 °C for 40 min were 88.9%, 99.7%, 97.3%, and 100%, respectively. Adding MWI FA can replenish Cl in MSWI FA and MWI S while increasing the surface area and forming pore structures by sublimation of NaCl and decomposition of CaSO4, or can reduce the melting point and viscosity by Na2O destroying the glass matrix. Therefore, MWI FA can be co-disposed with MSWI FA and MWI S respectively to enhance the chlorination volatilization of heavy metals.

Recommendation about the perioperative prevention of infection to healthcare workers and the anesthesia management of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread widely and persistently over 100 countries. New challenges have occurred in the perioperative management of airway and anesthesia in children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to current publications and to our own experiences in anesthesia management for cases with SARS-CoV-2 suspected, we reviewed concerns about the perioperative prevention of SARS-CoV-2 to medical staff and the anesthesia strategy to the patient.