[Therapy of bronchopulmonary infection in smokers]. / Terapiia bronkholegochnykh infektsii u kuril'shchikov.

The efficacy and safety of Cifran OD, a new dosage form of ciprofloxacin with prolonged action were studied in the treatment of patients with bronchopulmonary infection (n=23). The drug was used orally in a dose of 1 g once a day. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included patients with aggravation of chronic bronchitis and group 2 included patients with bacterial pneumonia. The recovery was stated in 77.7% of the patients in group 1, the other 26.3% of the patients showed clinical improvement. In the patients with pneumonia (group 2) the recovery was recorded in 100% of the cases. No significant side effects were observed.

[Current possibilities and perspectives of the combined treatment of patients with severe bronchopulmonary diseases]. / Sovremennye vozmozhnosti i perspektivy kompleksnogo lecheniia bol'nykh s tiazhelymi bronkholegochnymi zabolevaniiami.

Complex treatment with ceftriaxone (or ceftazidime) and intravenous immunoglobulin G (Biaven V. I.) was performed at 21 patients with severe pneumonia and tracheobronchitis complicated by immunedeficient status (myasthenia, diabetes mellitus etc). The results of the treatment proves strong tendency to normalization of the immune system (ceruloplasmin level, CIC, catalase, immunoglobulins) along with clinical signs regression.

[Clinico-laboratory assessment of oframax (cefriaxone) in the treatment of infectious-inflammatory diseases]. / Kliniko-laboratornaia otsenka oframaksa (tseftriaksona) v lechenii infektsionno-vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii.

AIM: To try efficacy and safety of ophramax (cephtriaxon) made in India ("Ranbaxy") in infectious-inflammatory diseases treated in a general hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ophramax was given in a dose 1 to 4 g/day to 23 patients with pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, soft tissue infection, enterocolitis, etc. Therapeutic effect was examined with bacteriological identification of the infective agents, antibioticograms, agar diffusion test. RESULTS: High sensitivity of pathogens to ophramax was observed in bronchopulmonary diseases (90.7%). In other infections sensitivity of the pathogens was 59.3%. Enterococci were the only highly resistant pathogens (40.5%). Ophramax remains in the body in sufficiently high concentrations for 24 hours. This attributes to good therapeutic effect. CONCLUSION: Clinico-microbiological and pharmacokinetic findings show that ophramax can be used as a basic drug for treatment of different infectious-inflammatory diseases. Once-a-day regimen is a great advantage of ophramax.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae 01, isolated in the Ukraine in 1994]. / Antibiotikochuvstvitel'nost' kholernykh vibrionov 01, vydelennykh na Ukraine v 1994 g.

One thousand and four hundred strains of V. cholerae 01 isolated in 1994 in the Ukraine were studied with respect to their antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. The study showed that it was possible not only to estimate the present tendencies in and the regularities of the change in their character but also to presuppose the probable circulation and incidence of the microbe based on the differences in the susceptibility, frequency and resistance pattern of the strains of V. cholerae 01 isolated from the environment and humans before and during the cholera outbreak. Unlike the strains of V. cholerae 01 isolated from the environment before the outbreak, the strains isolated during the outbreak from the environment and humans were characterized by resistance to levomycetin (chloramphenicol) and streptomycin. The results suggested that the cholera outbreak in 1994 was incidental. The data are useful for cholera epidemic surveillance. However, the final conclusion is possible after investigation of the gene type pattern in the circulating V. cholerae strains.

[Dynamics of changes in antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae 01, isolated from environmental objects]. / Dinamika izmenenii antibiotikochuvstvitel'nosti kholernykh vibrionov 01, vydelennykh iz ob"ektov okruzhaiushchei sredy.

The analysis of the dynamics of the antibiotic susceptibility of 442 strains of V. cholerae 01 isolated within 1986-1994 from the environment showed that the susceptibility level was different. Strains of V. cholerae 01 with high susceptibility to tetracyclines, erythromycin, gentamicin, rifampicin and cefazolin and with moderate susceptibility to monomycin, kanamycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin and levomycetin (chloramphenicol) were detected as well as the strains resistant to streptomycin and polymyxin B. The susceptibility of the V. cholerae 01 strains to certain antibiotics (tetracyclines, levomycetin, streptomycin) changed in regard to the isolation time and object and its geographical location. In 1991-1994 a tendency was observed towards an increase in the number of the strains resistant to the drugs. The resistance of the isolates from the objects connected with the vital activity of humans (sewage, washings from the cholera foci, fish from polluted water reservoirs) was higher than that of the isolates from open water reservoirs. There were definite difficulties in the detection of the cultures with antibiotic susceptibility characteristic of various regions because of their different origin. The results of the study were indicative of a necessity of monitoring of the biological properties of V. cholerae 01 isolates from the environment important for cholera control.

[Experimental and clinical study of antibiotics administered intravitreally in endophthalmitis]. / Eksperimental'no-klinicheskoe izuchenie antibiotikov pri intravitreal'nom vedenii pri éndoftal'mitakh.

The concentrations of gentamicin and cefotaxime (claforan) in the humor of the anterior chamber and vitreous body of the eye were estimated in the study on the pharmacokinetics of the antibiotics in rabbits. The antibiotics were administered intravitreally in single doses. It was shown that the residence time of the antibiotics in the therapeutic concentrations in the eye cavity was 48 hours. Cefotaxime proved to be the most efficient agent in the prevention and treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis.

[The comparative characteristics of the antibiotic sensitivity of psychrophilic and mesophilic aeromonads]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika antibiotikochuvstvitel'nosti psikhrofil'nykh i mezofil'nykh aéromonad.

The general regularities of the antibiotic susceptibility of psychrophilic and mesophilic aeromonads were determined. The antibioticograms were in general similar. Still, there was observed a higher susceptibility of Aeromonas salmonicida to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and rifampicin, as well as a larger number of strains susceptible to semisynthetic broad spectrum penicillins (ampicillin and carbenicillin) and cephazoline. The susceptibility to aminoglycosides was lower.

[The clinico-bacteriological and pharmacokinetic evaluation of vancomycin in clinical practice]. / Kliniko-bakteriologicheskaia i farmakokineticheskaia otsenka vankomitsina v klinicheskoi praktike.

Clinical application of vancomycin in 24 patients produced a response in 83.3% of the patients. The drug was active against pneumococcal pneumonia, bronchitis, staphylococcal endocarditis and mastitis. Positive pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug allows introduction of the antibiotic 1-2 times daily.

[Antibiotic resistance of Shigella isolated in the Kara-Kalpak A.S.S.R. 1987-1988]. / Antibiotikochuvstvitel'nost' shigell, vydelennykh v Karakalpakskoi ASSR v 1987-1988 gg.

Sensitivity of Shigella spp. isolated in one of the hospitals of Nukus within 1987-1988 and earlier in 1977 and 1985 was studied. S. flexneri 1-5 remained the main causative agents of dysentery on the territory. However, beginning from 1987 there were registered cases of dysentery caused by S. dysenteriae 1. The isolates were most sensitive to cefotaxime, cephaloridine, polymyxin B and gentamicin. The majority of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, levomycetin (chloramphenicol) and streptomycin. No significant changes in the sensitivity levels of the strains isolated in 1987-1988 as compared to those isolated in 1985 were observed.

[A stat-method of determining antibiotic concentration in biological fluids]. / Ekspress-metod opredeleniia kontsentratsii antibiotikov v biologicheskikh zhidkostiakh.

The rapid method for measuring antibiotic concentrations in biologic substrates, developed by the authors, is based on the suppression of Staphylococcus aureus 209 P test culture dehydrogenase activity. Comparison of the rapid method and the routine agar diffusion test has shown a high correlation of the results, the correlation coefficient r being 0.84-0.93 and its probability 99.9%. The new technique permits getting an answer in 4 hours, is simple, and saves nutrient media.

[Use of a new method for restoring the type properties of atypical Vibrio cholerae]. / Ispol'zovanie novogo metoda dlia vosstanovleniia tipichnykh svoistv u atipichnykh kholernykh vibrionov.

Subcultures with a number of signs characteristic of epidemically significant strains have been isolated from cholera vibrios, nonpathogenic and atypical in a number of properties, by a new in vitro method developed by the authors. This method makes it possible to increase the virulence of poorly agglutinating cultures of V. cholerae O1 and their agglutinability with cholera antisera.

Investigation of populations heterogeneous according to O-antigen in Vibrio cholerae cultures.

The O-antigenic composition of 36 cultures of Vibrio cholerae agglutinating simultaneously with 01 cholera sera and 0 sera to NAG vibrios of the Sakazaki collection was investigated. It has been established experimentally that under the effect of medium and environmental conditions such cultures dissociate to subcultures differing in their affiliation to different serological groups according to 0 antigen. The passage of these cultures in the organism of susceptible animals promotes preservation of 01-group clones whereas the passage in peptone water or prolonged storage under unfavourable conditions result in the predominance of clones of different serological affiliation. The proposition has been put forward that the observed vibrio cultures are genotypically capable of producing, besides the 01 group, a number of 0 antigens. Phenotypical manifestation of the antigenic structure in the respective individuals of the population depends on the conditions of the environment.

[Model UF-2 mutant of Staphylococcus aureus 209 P for titrating Vibrio cholera enterotoxin]. / Model' UF-2 mutanta Staphylococcus aureus 209 P dlia titrovaniia énterotoksina kholernykh vibrionov.

The identical character of the action of crude V. cholerae enterotoxin on the anaerobic dehydrogenases of the UV-2 mutant of S. aureus 209 p and the surviving culture of Ehrlich's carcinoma has been revealed. The range of this action is linked with the concentration of the toxin and varies from the stimulation of cell dehydrogenases to their complete suppression. The rapid method for the titration of the enterotoxin in the dehydrogenase suppression test with the use of the bacterial model is proposed.

[In vitro determination of the biological activity of choleragen by the anaerobic dehydrogenase inhibition test in a surviving blastoma cell culture]. / Opredelenie biologicheskoi aktivnosti kholerogena in vitro po testu podavleniia anaérobnykh degidrogenaz perezhivaiushchei kul'tury blastomnykh kletok.

A rapid method for the detection and titration of choleragen in vitro in the test allowing one to evaluate dehydrogenase activity in the surviving blastoma culture has been developed. In comparison with the commonly accepted method of using the ligated loop in adult rabbits, the above method is simple, highly sensitive and economical.

[Seasonal fluctuations in the enteropathogenic properties of vibrios]. / Sezonnye kolebaniia énteropatogennykh svoistv u vibrionov.

Seasonal biorhythms with the intermittent periods of activity and rest in the manifestation of the enteropathogenic properties of cholera and NAG vibrios have been revealed. In the climatic conditions of the Rostov region the period of maximum activity in respect of this characteristic is shown to fall on spring and summer, while the period to rest is shown to fall on autumn and winter. In highly toxigenic cultures the phase of rest has been found to be considerably shorter than in cultures with low toxigenicity. The cyclic changes in the toxin-producing function of vibrios are suggested to be the main reason of the seasonal character of infections caused by cholera and NAG vibrios.