ABSTRACT
Sanitary and parasitological studies of the waste effluents and surface reservoir waters were conducted in the south of Russia. The efficiency of purification of waste effluents from the pathogens of parasitic diseases was investigated in the region's sewage-purification facilities. The water of the surface water reservoirs was found to contain helminthic eggs and larvae and intestinal protozoan cysts because of the poor purification and disinfection of service fecal sewage waters. The poor purification and disinvasion of waste effluents in the region determine the potential risk of contamination of the surface water reservoirs and infection of the population with the pathogens of human parasitic diseases.
Subject(s)
Fresh Water/parasitology , Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology , Parasitic Diseases/prevention & control , Sewage/parasitology , Waste Disposal, Fluid , Water Purification , Humans , Russia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the efficiency of the RT-PCR kit "AmplySens CHF" produced by InterlabService of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology and that of the ELISA kits made by the D. I. Ivanovsky Research Institute of Virology for the specific diagnosis of Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF). Examination of sera from CHF patients from the Astrakhan Region showed that positive RT-PCR results were observed in 95.2 and 37.5% on days 4-8 and 9-13 after disease onset, respectively; but they were absent on days 13-17. Positive ELISA-IgM results were found in 93% on disease days 6 to 16. A high percentage (78.9%) of positive IgG samples was seen only on days 9-16. Thus, RT-PCR has a marked efficiency in diagnosing CHF until day 8 of illness while ELISA-IgM has it on day 8 or later. ELISA-IgG can be considered to be a confirming rather than compulsory test. The findings suggest that the RT-PCR kit "AmplySens CHF" produced by InterlabService of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology and that of the ELISA kits made by the D. I. Ivanovsky Research Institute of Virology have a pronounced sensitivity and specificity and a high efficiency when concurrently used to verify CHF in patients.
Subject(s)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo , Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/diagnosis , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/genetics , Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/immunology , Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/isolation & purification , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Russia , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
In the Astrakhan oblast, the study of the demographic processes from 1986 to 2005 was performed. The unfavorable demographic conditions was revealed which characterized by the decrease of numbers of children, the increase of the population of pensionable age, increase of mortality rate, formation of the negative natality rate and the decrease of the average life expectancy. The data analysis permits to forecast, in the case of unchangeable conditions, the decrease of total number of population in the nearest 10-15 years to come. The increase of the number of children and the increase of the retirees' share will augment the demographic burden on the able-bodied population. These circumstances will inevitably lead to the negative social economic and demographic consequences.
