The safety profile of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy in children with asthma in Hangzhou, East China

Background: The aim of the current study is to evaluate the prevalence, severity and possible risk factors of systemic reactions (SRs) to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) in children and adolescents with asthma in Hangzhou, east China's Zhejiang province. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2016, this survey analysed the SCIT-related SRs involving 429 patients (265 children and 134 adolescents) affected by allergic asthma. Recorded data included demographics, diagnosis, patient statuses, pulmonary function testing results before and after each injection, allergen dosage, and details of SRs. Results: All patients finished the initial phase and six patients withdrew during the maintenance phase. There were 2.59% (328/12,655) SRs in all injections (3.28% in children and 1.47% in adolescents); 15.62% (67/429) patients experienced SRs (18.49% children and 10.98% adolescents). There were 54.57% SRs of grade 1; 42.37% SRs of grade 2; 3.05% SRs of grade 3; and no grades 4 or grade 5 SRs occurred in patients. Most reactions were mild, and were readily controlled by immediate emergency treatment. There was no need for hospitalisation. The occurrence of SRs was significantly higher in children than that in adolescents (p < 0.01). A higher ratio of SRs was found among patients with moderate asthma. Conclusion: This retrospective survey showed that properly-conducted SCIT was a safe treatment for children and adolescents with asthma in Hangzhou, East China. Children and patients with moderate asthma may be prone to develop SRs (AU)

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The safety profile of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy in children with asthma in Hangzhou, East China.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study is to evaluate the prevalence, severity and possible risk factors of systemic reactions (SRs) to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) in children and adolescents with asthma in Hangzhou, east China's Zhejiang province. METHODS: From January 2011 to December 2016, this survey analysed the SCIT-related SRs involving 429 patients (265 children and 134 adolescents) affected by allergic asthma. Recorded data included demographics, diagnosis, patient statuses, pulmonary function testing results before and after each injection, allergen dosage, and details of SRs. RESULTS: All patients finished the initial phase and six patients withdrew during the maintenance phase. There were 2.59% (328/12,655) SRs in all injections (3.28% in children and 1.47% in adolescents); 15.62% (67/429) patients experienced SRs (18.49% children and 10.98% adolescents). There were 54.57% SRs of grade 1; 42.37% SRs of grade 2; 3.05% SRs of grade 3; and no grades 4 or grade 5 SRs occurred in patients. Most reactions were mild, and were readily controlled by immediate emergency treatment. There was no need for hospitalisation. The occurrence of SRs was significantly higher in children than that in adolescents (p<0.01). A higher ratio of SRs was found among patients with moderate asthma. CONCLUSION: This retrospective survey showed that properly-conducted SCIT was a safe treatment for children and adolescents with asthma in Hangzhou, East China. Children and patients with moderate asthma may be prone to develop SRs.

A single-nucleotide polymorphism rs4639966 in 11q23.3 is associated with clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus in the Chinese population.

In our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified an association signal of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4639966 (p = 1.25 × 10(-16), odds ratio [OR] = 1.29) within 11q23.3. The aim of this study was to investigate its relationship with disease subphenotypes, including renal nephritis, photosensitivity, antinuclear antibody (ANA), age at diagnosis, malar rash, discoid rash, immunological disorder, oral ulcer, hematological disorder, neurological disorder, serositis, arthritis and vasculitis. In this study, we used 4199 cases and 8255 controls from our previous GWAS to explore the association between 11q23.3 with subphenotypes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Data were analyzed with PLINK 1.07 software. Significant associations were found for the SNP rs4639966 of 11q23.3 with SLE of age at diagnosis <20 years (OR = 1.18, p = 0.0049), malar rash (OR = 1.13, p = 0.01) and vasculitis (OR = 1.17, p = 0.02). The study suggested that 11q23.3 might not only play important roles in the development of SLE, but also contribute to the complex phenotypes of SLE.

TNIP1, SLC15A4, ETS1, RasGRP3 and IKZF1 are associated with clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese Han population.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Five novel susceptibility genes (TNIP1, SLC15A4, ETS1, RasGRP3 and IKZF1) for SLE have been identified in a recent genome-wide association study of a Chinese Han population. This study investigated their relationships with disease subphenotypes, including renal nephritis, photosensitivity, antinuclear antibody (ANA), age at diagnosis, malar rash, discoid rash, immunological disorder, oral ulcer, hematological disorder, neurological disorder, serositis, arthritis and vasculitis. Significant associations were found for the single nucleotide polymorphism rs10036748 of TNIP1 with photosensitivity (odds ratio (OR) = 0.87, p = 0.01) and vasculitis (OR = 1.18, p = 0.04); rs10847697 of SLC15A4 with discoid rash (OR = 1.18, p = 0.02); rs6590330 of ETS1 with SLE of age at diagnosis <20 years (OR = 1.24, p = 8.91 x 10(-5)); rs13385731 of RasGRP3 with malar rash (OR = 1.20, p = 0.01), discoid rash (OR = 0.78, p = 0.02) and ANA (OR = 0.72, p = 0.004); rs4917014 of IKZF1 with renal nephritis (OR = 1.13, p = 0.02) and malar rash (OR = 0.83, p = 0.00038), respectively. The study suggested that these susceptibility genes might not only play important roles in the development of SLE, but also contribute to the complex phenotypes of SLE.

The Electrostatic Interaction of a Charged Particle with a Surface: The Effect of Surface Charge Rearrangement.

In this paper we investigate the electric interaction between a charged particle and a surface in which the charged ions are capable of moving in response to the electric potential disturbance caused by the approach of the charged particle. Such surfaces include ionic surfactants distributed in air-water interface and charged lipids in bilayer membranes. On the basis of the mean field theory, the free energy of the system, which includes the electrostatic internal energy and the entropy of the mobile ions and surface ions, can be written down. The surface charge-potential relation is then derived by the calculus of variation. When the potential disturbance is small enough, a linear charge regulation model is obtained. The interaction energy associated with a long rod parallel to the interface is studied and an analytical expression is obtained. When a rod approaches an oppositely charged surface, the interaction can change from attraction to repulsion, depending on the ratio of the characteristic regulation length to the Debye length. At low surface charge density, the surface behaves as under the condition of constant charge density and acts as that of constant potential for high enough charge density. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.