ABSTRACT
Rothia aeria has only rarely been described as a human pathogen. We describe a case of Rothia aeria causing mitral valve endocarditis and multiple mycotic aneurysms, including cerebral mycotic aneurysms. In the case described, early identification of Rothia aeria was achieved using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
Subject(s)
Actinomycetales Infections/diagnosis , Aneurysm, Infected/diagnosis , Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Micrococcaceae/isolation & purification , Actinomycetales Infections/drug therapy , Actinomycetales Infections/microbiology , Actinomycetales Infections/pathology , Aneurysm, Infected/drug therapy , Aneurysm, Infected/microbiology , Aneurysm, Infected/pathology , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mitral Valve/microbiology , Mitral Valve/pathology , Mycoses/microbiology , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , Treatment Outcome , VictoriaABSTRACT
This study assessed the efficacy of a 'dry' hydrogen peroxide vapour decontamination in an Australian hospital via a two-armed study. The in vivo arm examined the baseline bacterial counts in high-touch zones within wards and evaluated the efficacy of cleaning with a neutral detergent followed by either hydrogen peroxide vapour decontamination, or a manual terminal clean with bleach or Det-Sol 500. The in vitro arm examined the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapour decontamination on a variety of different surfaces commonly found in the wards of an Australian hospital, deliberately seeded with a known concentration of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). All bacterial counts were evaluated by a protocol of contact plate method. In the in vivo arm, 33.3% of the high-touch areas assessed had aerobic bacterial count below the detection limit (i.e. no bacteria recoverable) post hydrogen peroxide decontamination, and in all circumstances the highest microbial density was ≤3 cfu/cm(2), while in the in vitro arm there was at least a reduction in bacterial load by a factor of 10 at all surfaces investigated. These results showed that dry hydrogen peroxide vapour room decontamination is highly effective on a range of surfaces, although the cleanliness data obtained by these methods cannot be easily compared among the different surfaces as recovery of organisms is affected by the nature of the surface.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Load/drug effects , Decontamination/methods , Hospital Units , Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology , Surface Properties/drug effects , Australia , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Detergents/pharmacology , Enterococcus/drug effects , Environmental Microbiology , Equipment Contamination/prevention & control , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , Hypochlorous Acid/pharmacology , Vancomycin Resistance , VolatilizationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There are a multitude of viruses that may cause hepatitis. The laboratory diagnosis of viral hepatitis is important in order to plan immediate patient management, determine treatment choices and provide patient education in order to limit transmission of infections to others. OBJECTIVE: This article outlines laboratory investigations that may be routinely ordered to assist in determining the etiology of viral hepatitis and summarises some preventive and treatment strategies that may be adopted. DISCUSSION: Investigations to determine exposure to infection are routinely performed and include simple serological tests, while tests to follow the course of infection or response to treatment may involve newer molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), genotyping and viral quantification.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis , Mass Screening/methods , Serologic Tests/classification , Acute Disease , Algorithms , Australia/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Female , Guidelines as Topic , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology , Humans , Liver Function Tests , Male , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
An outbreak called 'Dombivali fever' started in March 1990 and spread rapidly all over Bombay and adjoining area. A concomitant and steady increase in multidrug resistant Salmonella typhi isolation was observed. Later this outbreak called 'Dombivali fever' was proved to be resistant typhoid fever only. The present paper deals with comparison of this outbreak with previous two years laboratory data from Sir J.J. Hospital, Bombay. A very high isolation rate of S. typhi (215 isolates) in 1990 as compared to 62 isolates in the last two years (1988-89), was observed in this laboratory. The incidence of multidrug resistance in cases of enteric fever (EF) was also very high (67.6%) in 1990, as compared to 6.2% in 1988 and 23.3% in 1989. All the strains tested in 1990 were sensitive to ciprofloxacin.
