[Role of free radical oxidation processes in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases]. / Rol' protsessov svobodnoradikal'nogo okisleniia v patogenez infektsionnykh boleznei.

Recent literature data on the mechanisms responsible for oxidative stress at infectious diseases and methods of their correction are reviewed.

[A modification of lactoferrin isolation method]. / Modifikatsiia metoda vydeleniia laktoferrina.

A modified method was developed to isolate lactoferrin from women's colostrum by means of ion-exchange chromatography on a Servacel CM-52 column and gel filtration on a Toyoperal HW-52 column. These changes simplified the basic method and decreased the length of the procedure without affecting the biological activity and purity of the preparation. The modified method can be recommended to produce lactoferrin suitable for the use as a pharmaceutical preparation and nutritional additive to milk substitutes.

[Modern concepts of adipocere formation mechanisms]. / Sovremennoe prdstavlenie o mekhanizme obrazovaniia zhirovoska.

Biochemical parameters of transformation of fresh subcutaneous fat into adipocere have been studied in experiment. Activation of lipid peroxidation is a significant component of the mechanism of adipocere transformation, which is proven by a drastic increase in the level of Schiff's bases in adipocere in comparison with subcutaneous fat. The concentrations of myristic, palmitic, and stearic fatty acids increase during the formation of adipocere, while the content of linoleic acid decreases in comparison with the unchanged human subcutaneous fat.

[The effect of Staphylococcus aureus toxic shock exotoxin on whole blood cell chemiluminescence in vitro and in vivo]. / Vliianie ékzotoksina toksicheskogo shoka Staphylococcus aureus na khemiliuminestsentsiiu klekok tsel'noi krovi in vitro i in vivo.

Stimulated and nonstimulated blood chemiluminescence were studied in presence of the toxic shock syndrome toxin I (TSST-I) in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments involved evaluation of rabbit whole blood chemiluminescence developed within various periods after the TSST-I intraperitoneal administration. Effect of various TSST-I concentrations on blood chemiluminescence was studied in vitro. TSST-I was shown to inhibit the nonstimulated chemiluminescence in blood within 45 min after administration of LD50 of both opsonized zymosan and calcium ionophore A 23187 in vivo. Similar effects the toxin exhibited at concentrations 20 microM and more in vitro. The maximum effect TSST-I demonstrated within the first 5 min of incubation and this effect was distinctly dose-dependent.

[Induction of Ca2+-dependent chemiluminescent response of peritoneal macrophages with bacterial lipopolysaccharides]. / Induktsiia Ca2+-zavisimogo khemiliuminestsentnogo otveta peritoneal'nykh makrofagov bakterial'nym lipopolisacharidom.

A lipopolysaccharide preparation obtained from Klebsiella pneumonia was shown to affect primarily the peritoneal macrophages after intraperitoneal administration. Transition of the macrophages to a new metabolic state in response to opsonized zymosan was responsible for a distinct increase in the rate of luminol-dependent chemoluminescence. At the same time, the macrophages produced chemiluminescence was only slightly increased in the presence of Ca2+ ionophore A23187. These dissimilar alterations observed suggest that the primary reaction of macrophages in response to the lipopolysaccharide occurred with the increase in content of intracellular free calcium. Administration of finoptin (calcium influx inhibitor) into suspension of macrophages caused a decrease in the rate of chemiluminescence response.

[Use of anti-radical protection enzymes in the treatment of acute experimental pancreatitis]. / Primenenie fermentov antiradikalnoi zashchity v lechenii ostrogo éksperimentalnogo pankreatita.

Effect of the complex of antiradical enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase in proportion 1:3) was studied on the experimental mode of acute pancreatitis. After thrice repeated administration of a complex of enzymes, antioxidant capacity of the blood serum normalized, activity of the enzymes of antioxidant protection of an organism and that of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased, concentration of extra-erythrocytic hemoglobin decreased, contributing to normalization of morphologic structure of the pancreas in 52% of the animals with hemorrhagic and in 70%--with oedematous form pancreatitis. The results obtained are indicative of possible correction of the changes in inflammatory process in the pancreas.

[Free-radical mechanism of antimicrobial action of xanthine oxidase and lactoperoxidase]. / Svobodno-radikal'nyi mekhanizm antimikrobnogo deistviia ksantinoksidazy i laktoperoksidazy.

The interaction between milk xanthine oxidase (XO) and lactoperoxidase (LP) in model system and antimicrobial action of these enzymes on Escherichia coli 0-111 were studied. It was shown, that bacterial superoxide dismutase (SOD), which transforms O2-. (XO-reaction product) into H2O2 (substrate of LP), is necessary for binding of the reaction sequence: XO-->LP-->antimicrobial products. It is suggested, that these enzymes unite in the protective system in intestinal infections of newborns. Bacterial SOD in this case acts as the key factor, creating the system.

[Erythrocyte membranes and antioxidant provision in experimental acute pancreatitis]. / Membrany éritrotsitov i antioksidantnaia obespechennost' pri eksperimental'nom ostrom pankreatite.

Experiments were conducted on rats with induced edematous and hemorrhagic forms of acute pancreatitis (AP) to study the parameters characterizing the state of the red cell membranes: hemolytic efficiency, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, extra-erythrocytic hemoglobin concentrations. The values characterizing the bio-antioxidative defense were also studied: superoxide dismutase activity and antioxidative property. The development of experimental AP is attended by injury to the red cell membranes among the causes of which is poor antioxidative provision.

[The pathogenetic bases for chemotherapy in an experimental Salmonella infection]. / Patogeneticheskie osnovy khimioterapii éksperimental'noi sal'monelleznoi infektsii.

The effect of etiotropic (polymyxin and adriblastin) and pathogenetic (levamisole and vitamin E) chemotherapy on lipid peroxidation (LPO), phagocyte functional activity and the process and outcomes of Salmonella infection was studied in rabbits. It was shown that development of salmonellosis was accompanied by activation of LPO which was phase-by-phase. There was synchronism in changing of LPO and neutrophilic phagocytic activity. Adriblastin and levamisole stimulated LPO and increased the neutrophilic phagocytic activity. Vitamin E inhibited LPO and had an unfavourable effect on the process and outcomes of the infection. The problem in differential use of the chemotherapeutic drugs with an account of their modulating effect on LPO is discussed.

[The effect of modulators of free-radical oxidation on the functional activity of phagocytes]. / Vliianie moduliatorov svobodnoradikal'nogo okisleniia na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' fagotsitov.

The influence of free-radical oxidation inhibitors (alpha tocopherol) and stimulators (levamisole and alriblastin) on the processes of the peroxide oxidation of lipids in blood serum and the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils in Salmonella infection in rabbits at an early age is accompanied by phasic changes in the peroxide oxidation of lipids with activation at the early period of the development of the infection. The synchronism of changes in the peroxide oxidation of lipids and in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils is observed. Alpha tocopherol inhibits the peroxide oxidation of lipids and decreases the degree of the completeness of phagocytosis. Alriblastin stimulates the peroxide oxidation of lipids and increases the phagocytic activity of neutrophils.

[Determination of the enterotoxigenicity of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms using the method of suppressing the dehydrogenase activity of the UV mutant Staphylococcus aureus 209 P]. / Opredelenie énterotoksigennosti uslovno-patogennykh mikroorganizmov metodom podavleniia degidrogenaznoi aktivnosti UF-mutanta Staphylococcus aureus 209 P.

The S. aureus 209P UF mutant dehydrogenase activity suppression method was used for detection of enterotoxin of Enterobacteriaceae opportunistic bacteria. Comparison of V. cholerae non 01, E coli and K. pneumonia toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains, neutralization test with antitoxic anticholera serum, comparative study of toxigenicities in paw edema test (according to Yu. P. Vartanyan) have shown that Escherichia and Klebsiella toxigenic strains can suppress S. aureus 209P UF mutant dehydrogenase activity, which fact permits the employment of this method for the detection of opportunistic bacteria enterotoxigenicity.