Subject(s)
Bone Diseases/veterinary , Cat Diseases/chemically induced , Lanthanum/administration & dosage , Lanthanum/adverse effects , Animals , Body Weight , Bone Diseases/chemically induced , Bone Remodeling/drug effects , Cats , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Eating/drug effects , Female , Male , Parathyroid Hormone/blood , Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism , Vomiting/chemically induced , Vomiting/veterinaryABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to assess the safe use of LY2190416, a cannabinoid receptor 1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, for obesity management in dogs. Twenty-four clinically normal young beagle dogs were administered LY2190416 at doses of 3, 9, or 18 mg/kg or placebo, orally, once daily for 13 weeks. Food consumption and body weight were determined, and dogs were evaluated for changes in hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, and serum cortisol. LY2190416 had no significant effect on hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, and serum cortisol. All dogs consumed 100% of their entire daily allowance throughout the study. All dogs gained weight during the study, but treated dogs gained less than control dogs by the end of the study. During the first month, dogs exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in rate of weight gain (19.7 g/day for control dogs vs. 10.6 g/day for the 18 mg/kg dose group). LY2190416 was found to be safe at doses up to 18 mg/kg administered daily for 3 months. Results suggest that LY2190416 decreases rate of weight gain without affecting appetite or causing significant adverse health effects in normal growing dogs. Possible mechanisms for a proposed metabolic effect are discussed.
Subject(s)
Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Indoles/therapeutic use , Obesity/veterinary , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Body Weight , Dog Diseases/blood , Dogs , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule/veterinary , Eating/drug effects , Female , Hydrocortisone/blood , Male , Obesity/blood , Obesity/drug therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Two groups of four rats each were trained to bar press on a variable-interval 2-min schedule. During training, either 3, 5, or 9 auditory stimuli of various intensities were randomly presented. A direct relationship between stimulus intensity and rate of responding was obtained, but it was more consistent in the group trained initially with three stimuli than for the group that started with nine stimuli. The results are related to the concept of stimulus intensity dynamism and the necessary conditions for the acquisition of stimulus control.
Subject(s)
Auditory Perception , Conditioning, Operant , Discrimination Learning , Reinforcement, Psychology , Animals , Hearing , Male , RatsABSTRACT
The acquisition of auditory intensity discriminations in rats trained on multiple variable-interval extinction schedules was studied as a function of some of the variables that contribute to the speed of development of differential responding and the final level attained. The effects of three variables were isolated and studied in detail: (1) the decibel difference between the discriminative stimuli (intensity difference); (2) the intensity relationship between the stimuli (relative intensity); and (3) the position of the stimuli on the intensity continuum (absolute intensity). Each of the three variables generated orderly relationships and interacted with one another to produce complex effects upon differential responding.
