[Cytological features and chemiluminescent activity of phagocytic cells in bronchial lavage of elderly patients with bronchial asthma].

The aim of the study was to investigate cytological features and chemo luminescent activity of bronchial lavage phagocytic cells in 58 patients (28 of them are over 60 years old and 25 patients younger than 60 years) with bronchial asthma (BA) before and after achievement of medicinal disease control. Bronchial inflammation process in elderly patients (> 60 years) was characterized by significant higher content of neutrophils and lymphocytes as well as lower proportion of alveolar macrophages. Chemo luminescent responses of bronchial lavage phagocyte cells in patients with BA were unidirectional in two comparative aging groups, albeit with quantitative differences. In conclusion, respiratory tract inflammatory process in elderly patients with BA is characterized by less pronounced involvement of effector cells, lower chemo luminescent activity of phagocytes in comparison with similar parameters in the patients younger than 60 years old.

[Severe bronchial asthma in elderly patients]. / Tiazhelye formy bronkhial'noi astmy u patsientov pozhilogo vozrasta.

Cytological and oxidative characteristics of bronchial inflammation before and after treatment were studied in 35 elderly patients with severe bronchial asthma (BA). Revealed cytooxidative particularities may be used as additional diagnostic and treatment efficacy markers in elderly patients with severe BA.

[Clinical significance of cytological characteristics of bronchial inflammation in obstructive pulmonary diseases]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie tsitologicheskoi kharakteristiki vospaleniia bronkhov pri obstruktivnykh bolezniakh legkikh.

AIM: To evaluate a clinical role of cytological characteristics of induced sputum (IS) and bronchial lavage (BL) in patients with different forms of bronchial asthma (BA) or chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 128 BA patients (53 males and 75 females) at the age of 17 to 70 years (mean age 51.3 +/- 8.4 years) and 53 COB patients (32 males and 21 females) at the age 17 to 70 years. The material for the cytological examination was BL obtained by fibrobronchoscopy and IS obtained after 20-min halotherapy. RESULTS: Percentages of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages in IS and BL have the same trends and a highly significant correlation coefficient by all the studied cells both in BA and COB patients. CONCLUSION: It was found possible to use IS cytology for evaluation of air way inflammation in BA and COB patients.

[Cyto-oxidant markers of inflammation in assessing the efficacy of differentiating therapy of severe obstructive pulmonary diseases]. / Tsitooksidantnye markery vospaleniia v otsenke éffektivnosti differentsirovannoi terapii tiazhelykh form obstruktivnykh zabolevanii legkikh.

The study purpose was the cytooxidant properties of inflammation in patients with severe heterogenic forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); and the informative value of the changes in the studied indices for assessment of anti-inflammatory efficiency of differential therapy. The cytological test (CT) and chemiluminescent biotesting of bronchial lavage (CB) obtained with fibrobronchoscopy were conducted in 155 patients with severe bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis. The patients were divided into groups according to current classification and predominant etiological factor of the exacerbation. The data of CT and CB in exacerbation significantly differ from the findings in the control group. They also differed in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis. The differentiated treatment resulted in improvement but did not reach the parameters of the control group. Thus, changes in CT and CB proved to be of the differentiated nature and this enables to use the tests as additional sensitive examinations in clinical practice.

[Prevention of acute respiratory platinosis]. / Profilaktika obostreniia respiratornogo platinoza.

289 respiratory platinosis cases were studied to assess the effectiveness of the preventive treatment differentiated depending on the form (immune/non-immune) and gravity (mild, moderate and severe). The treatment was performed during excessive exposition to the salts of the platinum group metals, and proved to be highly effective (76.9% in acute and 100% in light cases) for the prevention of clinical manifestations of the disease.

[Occupational selection in the prevention of respiratory platinosis]. / Professional'nyi otbor v profilaktike respiratornogo platinoza.

In order to raise efficacy of primary prevention of platinosis an obsidan-based test (40 mg for internal use) was also used in vocational selection. After the obsidan-based test the decrease of pneumotachometric indicators was noted that reflected deficiency of the functional state of bronchial beta-adrenoreceptors by 6% and higher and was regarded as unfavourable. Of 110 examined persons 16 (14.5%) had significant test results. Similar deficiency was detected in 27 workers with respiratory platinosis, that fact verified the significance of beta-AR deficiency in the disease pathogenesis. The possibility of raising efficacy of primary prevention of respiratory platinosis was stressed due to the use of the additional obsidan-based test.