The role of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers in the repair of DNA double strand breaks and cancer therapy.

Switch/Sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodelers hydrolyze ATP to push and slide nucleosomes along the DNA thus modulating access to various genomic loci. These complexes are the most frequently mutated epigenetic regulators in human cancers. SWI/SNF complexes are well known for their function in transcription regulation, but more recent work has uncovered a role for these complexes in the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). As radiotherapy and most chemotherapeutic agents kill cancer cells by inducing double strand breaks, by identifying a role for these complexes in double strand break repair we are also identifying a DNA repair vulnerability that can be exploited therapeutically in the treatment of SWI/SNF-mutated cancers. In this review we summarize work describing the function of various SWI/SNF subunits in the repair of double strand breaks with a focus on homologous recombination repair and discuss the implication for the treatment of cancers with SWI/SNF mutations.

Potential pathogens and effective disinfectants on public telephones at a large urban United States university.

Telephones can carry potential bacterial pathogens, posing a risk for transfer of pathogens to users' hands. This study examined 25 mouthpieces of public telephones at a large urban U.S. university located in an area of rising incidence of community-acquired staphylococcal infections. Coagaulase-negative staphylococci were most commonly isolated (64% of mouthpieces). Potential pathogens isolated included Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus, and Klebsiella ozaenae. The efficacy of disinfectants on reducing bacterial counts on telephone mouthpieces was also investigated. Staphyloccocus aurens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcusfaecalis were inoculated onto mouthpieces and challenged with disinfectant wipes. Bacterial counts were reduced substantially for all three organisms by wipes containing either 70% isopropyl alcohol, 1.84% sodium hypochlorite, or quaternary ammonium compounds. The sodium hypochlorite-based cleaner demonstrated 100% efficacy at removing or killing test organisms from telephone mouthpieces. These data suggest that tested cleaners may be appropriate and needed for public telephone disinfection.