Extracellular Vesicles from Stromal Vascular Fraction of Human Adipose Tissue in the Development of Non-antibiotic Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMS) are the leading cause of socio- economic loss in the world, with historical evidence linking them to increased mortality and morbidity. METHODOLOGY: In this systematic review, we highlight a new treatment approach for antibiotic-resistant infections using 'Extracellular vesicle (EVs)-based therapy,' also known as cell- and drug-free therapy. Here, we categorize and summarize studies on EVs derived from various human sources, such as tissues, bodily fluids, or their condition media, emphasizing their anti-infective properties in the treatment of various infections. In addition, we contend that human adipose tissue (HAT) is a superior source of antimicrobial EVs (aEVs) and investigate the distinct antimicrobial properties of aEVs derived from a stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of human adipose tissue. In light of this, we described the limited literature and research gaps that are essential for using SVF-aEVs as personalized precision medicine. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: The notion behind adipose-derived SVF-EVs is supported by extensive literature searches that demonstrate growing trends in EV-based medical treatments as well as the larger therapeutic potential of HAT because of its extensive history of usage in regenerative medicine. CONCLUSION: Additionally, the underlying science that explains how the inflammatory process aids in the clearance of infections and the restoration of homeostasis after the host immune system successfully defends against foreign pathogens, as well as the fact that adipose-derived SVF is a noninvasive, cost-effective source of a variety of parent immune cells that produces a good yield of EVs with the same genetic make-up as their parent cells, make this concept worthwhile. This research may thereby increase survival rates and survival quality in cases of resistant infections. Vocabulary: Drug- and cell-free therapy = Nano molecules (extracellular vesicles) used as a therapeutic source without the need for chemical drugs or cell transplantation. Anti-infection EVs (aEVs) = Nature's own anti-infection powered EVs (unmodified).

Melioidosis: an unusual diagnosis for deep temporal and masticatory space infection following trauma.

We report a patient in his early 70s, with an alleged history of trauma to the right temporal region, following which a swelling developed. A week later, erythematous changes, throbbing pain and occasional fever spikes were noted. A month after the initial trauma, he presented to our institution with necrosed skin over the right temporal region and swelling extending up to the vertex of the skull. The patient was an uncontrolled diabetic and had systemic conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic kidney disease. A CT scan revealed a collection along the infratemporal space extending into the masticatory space. Routine investigations, blood culture sensitivity, were sent, which revealed the presence of Burkholderia pseudomallei sensitive to ceftazidime and imipenem. Under antibiotic coverage, the treatment was initiated, incision and drainage were done to reduce the bacterial load. However, the patient was lost to underlying systemic conditions and septic shock.

In vitro Comparison of Adipogenic Differentiation in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Cultured with Collagen Gel and Platelet-Rich Fibrin.

Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are the most preferred cell type, based on their phenotypic characteristics, plasticity, and favorable immunological properties for applications in soft-tissue augmentation. Hence, the present in vitro study was aimed to evaluate the adipogenic differentiation potential of human ADSCs upon culturing individually with collagen gel and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Materials and methods: The collected lipoaspirate was used for establishing ADSCs using enzymatic digestion method. Then, the cells were analyzed for their morphology, viability, proliferation rate, population doubling time (PDT), colony-forming ability, cell surface markers expression, and osteogenic differentiation as biological properties. Further, ADSCs were evaluated for their adipogenicity using induction media alone, and by culturing with collagen gel and PRF individually for prospective tissue augmentation. Results: ADSCs were successfully established in vitro and exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology throughout the culture period. Cells had higher viability, proliferation potential and showed their ability to form colonies. The positive expression of cell surface markers and osteogenic ability confirmed the potency of ADSCs. The ADSCs cultured on collagen gel and PRF, individually, showed higher number of differentiated adipocytes than ADSCs grown with adipogenic induction medium alone. Conclusion: The extent of lipid accumulation by ADSCs was slightly higher when cultured on collagen gel than on PRF. Additional experiments are required to confirm better suitability of scaffold materials for soft-tissue regeneration.

Groin pain in athletes: a novel diagnostic approach.

Groin pain in a performing athlete can be very challenging to diagnose and treat. The differential diagnosis includes intra-articular causes, extra-articular causes and non-musculoskeletal causes. A detailed clinical and radiological assessment of groin pain in this group is critical and can identify the underlying pathology. Diagnostic hip block is a valuable tool to differentiate intra-articular causes from extra-articular causes. Hip arthroscopy can help in identifying some of the elusive intra-articular conditions, which were once undiagnosed and therefore, left untreated, resulting in premature ending of competitive careers. This article attempts to explore current thinking on evaluation of groin pain, particularly in young individuals, and to establish a simple protocol for a clinical and diagnostic approach to this difficult problem.

Obstructed Umbilical Hernia: A Normal Presentation with Abnormal Contents.

Umbilical hernia is a common problem encountered in children. The rarity of finding cecum and appendix is probably due to the fact that the appendix is seldom found in the proximity of the umbilicus. It would, therefore, appear worthwhile to report the occurrence of cecum and an inflamed appendix with Ladd's bands in an umbilical hernia of a child. The last case with similar presentation was presented in 1950s. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Agrawal VP, Shetty NS, Narasimhaprasad A. Obstructed Umbilical Hernia: A Normal Presentation with Abnormal Contents. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2015;5(2):110-111.