Emodin-8-O-Glucoside-Isolation and the Screening of the Anticancer Potential against the Nervous System Tumors.

Emodin-8-O-glucoside (E-8-O-G) is a glycosylated derivative of emodin that exhibits numerous biological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, or anticancer activities. However, there are no reports on the activity of E-8-O-G against cancers of the nervous system. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect of E-8-O-G in the SK-N-AS neuroblastoma, T98G human glioblastoma, and C6 mouse glioblastoma cancer cells. As a source of E-8-O-G the methanolic extract from the aerial parts of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (Polygonaceae) was used. Thanks to the application of centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) operated in the descending mode using a mixture of petroleum ether:ethyl acetate:methanol:water (4:5:4:5 v/v/v/v) and a subsequent purification with preparative HPLC, E-8-O-G was obtained in high purity in a sufficient quantity for the bioactivity tests. Assessment of the cancer cell viability and proliferation were performed with the MTT (3-(bromide 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium), CTG (CellTiter-Glo®) and BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) assays, respectively. E-8-O-G inhibits the viability and proliferation of SK-N-AS neuroblastoma, T98G human glioblastoma multiforme, and C6 mouse glioblastoma cells dose-dependently. E-8-O-G seems to be a promising natural antitumor compound in the therapy of nervous system tumors.

Seed variability of Sisymbriumpolymorphum (Murray) Roth (Brassicaceae) across the Central Palaearctic.

This study presents the results of investigation of the micromorphology and variability of Sisymbriumpolymorphum seeds collected in 49 localities in the core range and isolated populations of Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia. In addition, we compared the ultrastructure of the seeds of S. polymorphum with that of the closely-related species S.loeselii and S.linifolium. The seeds were measured with a stereoscopic microscope and a biometric programme (ImageJ) and micromorphological studies were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The seed variability showed intraspecific stability of the ultrastructure and low variability of metric features within the studied range. Studied species showed differences in the ultrastructure, which will be valuable for diagnostic purposes. We present and describe, for the first time, the ultrastructure of S.polymorphum seeds.