Is there any correlation between spectral CT imaging parameters and PD-L1 expression of lung adenocarcinoma?

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore whether spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging parameters are associated with PD-L1 expression of lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Spectral CT imaging parameters (iodine concentrations [IC] of lesion in arterial phase [ICLa] and venous phase [ICLv], normalized IC [NICa/NICv]-normalized to the IC in the aorta, slope of the spectral HU curve [λHUa/λHUv] and enhanced monochromatic CT number [CT40keVa/v, CT70keVa/v] on 40 and 70 keV images) were analyzed in 34 prospectively enrolled lung adenocarcinoma patients with common molecular pathological markers including PD-L1 expression detected with immunohistochemistry. Patients were divided into two groups: positive PD-L1 expression and negative PD-L1 expression groups. Two-sample Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the difference of spectral CT imaging parameters between the two groups. RESULTS: The CT40keVa (127.03 ± 37.92 vs. -54.69 ± 262.04), CT40keVv (124.39 ± 34.71 vs. -45.73 ± 238.97), CT70keVa (49.56 ± 11.76 vs. -136.51 ± 237.08) and CT70keVv (46.13 ± 15.81 vs. -133.10 ± 230.72) parameters in the positive PD-L1 expression group of lung adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than the negative PD-L1 expression group (all P < 0.05). There was no difference detected in IC, NIC and λHU of the arterial and venous phases between both groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: CT40keVa, CT40keVv, CT70keVa and CT70keVv were increased in positive PD-L1 expression. These parameters may be used to distinguish the PD-L1 expression state of lung adenocarcinoma.

Volumetric-modulated arc therapy vs. c-IMRT in esophageal cancer: a treatment planning comparison.

AIM: To compare the volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans with conventional sliding window intensity-modulated radiotherapy (c-IMRT) plans in esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS: Twenty patients with EC were selected, including 5 cases located in the cervical, the upper, the middle and the lower thorax, respectively. Five plans were generated with the eclipse planning system: three using c-IMRT with 5 fields (5F), 7 fields (7F) and 9 fields (9F), and two using VMAT with a single arc (1A) and double arcs (2A). The treatment plans were designed to deliver a dose of 60 Gy to the planning target volume (PTV) with the same constrains in a 2.0 Gy daily fraction, 5 d a week. Plans were normalized to 95% of the PTV that received 100% of the prescribed dose. We examined the dose-volume histogram parameters of PTV and the organs at risk (OAR) such as lungs, spinal cord and heart. Monitor units (MU) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of OAR were also reported. RESULTS: Both c-IMRT and VMAT plans resulted in abundant dose coverage of PTV for EC of different locations. The dose conformity to PTV was improved as the number of field in c-IMRT or rotating arc in VMAT was increased. The doses to PTV and OAR in VMAT plans were not statistically different in comparison with c-IMRT plans, with the following exceptions: in cervical and upper thoracic EC, the conformity index (CI) was higher in VMAT (1A 0.78 and 2A 0.8) than in c-IMRT (5F 0.62, 7F 0.66 and 9F 0.73) and homogeneity was slightly better in c-IMRT (7F 1.09 and 9F 1.07) than in VMAT (1A 1.1 and 2A 1.09). Lung V30 was lower in VMAT (1A 12.52 and 2A 12.29) than in c-IMRT (7F 14.35 and 9F 14.81). The humeral head doses were significantly increased in VMAT as against c-IMRT. In the middle and lower thoracic EC, CI in VMAT (1A 0.76 and 2A 0.74) was higher than in c-IMRT (5F 0.63 Gy and 7F 0.67 Gy), and homogeneity was almost similar between VMAT and c-IMRT. V20 (2A 21.49 Gy vs. 7F 24.59 Gy and 9F 24.16 Gy) and V30 (2A 9.73 Gy vs. 5F 12.61 Gy, 7F 11.5 Gy and 9F 11.37 Gy) of lungs in VMAT were lower than in c-IMRT, but low doses to lungs (V5 and V10) were increased. V30 (1A 48.12 Gy vs. 5F 59.2 Gy, 7F 58.59 Gy and 9F 57.2 Gy), V40 and V50 of heart in VMAT was lower than in c-IMRT. MUs in VMAT plans were significantly reduced in comparison with c-IMRT, maximum doses to the spinal cord and mean doses of lungs were similar between the two techniques. NTCP of spinal cord was 0 for all cases. NTCP of lungs and heart in VMAT were lower than in c-IMRT. The advantage of VMAT plan was enhanced by doubling the arc. CONCLUSION: Compared with c-IMRT, VMAT, especially the 2A, slightly improves the OAR dose sparing, such as lungs and heart, and reduces NTCP and MU with a better PTV coverage.

Phase I Study to Determine MTD of Docetaxel and Cisplatin with Concurrent Radiation Therapy for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of docetaxel (DCT) and cisplatin (DDP) concurrently with three dimensional (3D) conformal radiotherapy or IMRT for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (stage IIIa and IIIb) after 2-4 cycles of induction chemotherapy. METHODS: Fourteen patients with histological/cytological proven stage III non-small-cell lung cancer were eligible. 3D or IMRT radiotherapy (60-70Gy in 30-35 fractions, 6-7weeks, 2 Gy/fraction) was delivered concurrently with cisplatin and docetaxel, 2 cycles during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). The level I dosage was composed of 56 mg/m(2) DCT, on day 1 and 28mg/m(2) DDP, on day 1 and day 2. The level II was composed of 60 mg/m(2) DCT, on day 1 and 30 mg/ m(2) DDP, on day 1 and day 2. The level III was composed of 64 mg/m(2) DCT, on day 1 and 32 mg/ m(2) DDP, on day 1 and day 2. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were allocated and finished concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The dose-limiting neutropenia was at the dose Level III (64 mg/m(2)) and occurred in 2 of 5 patients. No dose limiting non-hematologic or hematologic toxicity occurred in the other patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer may tolerate 60mg/m(2) docetaxel and 60mg/m(2) cisplatin for 2 cycles during concurrent radiotherapy after 2-3 cycles of induction chemotherapy.

[Whole brain irradiation for non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastasis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the time of whole brain irradiation and the prognostic factors for non-small lung cancer patients with brain metastasis. METHODS: From August 1996 to December 2003, 147 patients with brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer received whole brain irradiation. The patients were divided into two groups: with or without symptoms caused by brain metastasis, each group was then divided into two sub-groups, early whole brain irradiation group (the interval between the diagnosis of brain metastasis and the brain irradiation < or = one month) and late group ( the interval > one month ). Univariate and multivariate analysis (Cox regression) as well as Kaplan-Meier method in SPSS software package 11.5 was used to analyze the data of the 147 patients including 72 with brain metastasis symptom and 75 without. RESULTS: The median survival time (MS) of patients with or without extracranial metastasis was 9.9 months and 11.3 months (P = 0.0002). Multivariate analysis indicated that extracranial metastasis was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.0004). For 72 patients with brain metastasis symptom, the MS of the patients with and without extracranial metastasis was 9.3 months and 11.3 months (P = 0.0036). The MS of patients with early and late whole brain irradiation was 11.4 months and 9.2 months (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that extracranial metastasis, the interval between the diagnosis of brain metastasis and the whole brain irradiation were independent prognostic factors. However, for 75 patients without brain metastasis symptom, the MS difference of those with early or late whole brain irradiation was not statistically significant (P = 0.1643). CONCLUSION: The extracranial metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis is an independent prognostic factors. Early whole brain irradiation may improve the survival for those with brain metastasis symptoms.