ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the hard and soft tissue profile changes following treatment of functional and mild skeletal class III malocclusion in mixed dentition by means of the Frankel functional regulator (FR-3) appliance, and to reveal the mechanism and effectiveness of treatment with FR-3 appliance. Twenty-six patients (chronological mean age, 8.7±1.4 years; mean treatment duration, 10.3±1.3 months) with functional and mild skeletal class III malocclusion were selected and treated with FR-3 appliances. Lateral cephalogram was taken pre- and post-treatment, and the data was analyzed by paired-samples t test with SPSS22.0 software package. Differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. The results demonstrated that the FR-3 appliance produced a statistically significant decrease in L1-NB, L1-MP, U1-L1 (P<0.01) and an increase greatly in ANB, MP-FH, Y axis, ANSMe, ANS-Me/N-Me and overjet (P<0.01). SNA, SNB were increased significantly (P<0.05). Meanwhile, N'-Sn-Pog', ULSn-SN, LLSiSN increased, S-N'-Si, LL-EP decreased with significant difference (P<0.01). S-N'-Sn, Cm-Sn-UL, UL-EP, Sn-Mes and Ns-Mes increased with significant difference (P<0.05). Therefore it was concluded that after FR-3 treatment, the position of mandible may rotate clockwise backwards and downwards, with the labioversion of upper incisors and linguoversion of lower incisors. Although point A moved mesially, the length and position of the maxilla did not change significantly. With the protrusion of upper lip and the retrusion of lower lip, the relationship among nose, upper lip, lower lip and chin become harmonious, the profile of soft tissue is more coordinated and attractive.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios en el perfil de los tejidos duros y blandos después del tratamiento de la maloclusión funcional y leve de la clase III esquelética en la dentición mixta mediante el aparato regulador funcional Frankel (FR-3), y revelar el mecanismo y efectividad del tratamiento con el aparato FR-3. Veintiseis pacientes (edad media 8,7 ± 1,4 años; duración media del tratamiento, 10,3 ± 1,3 meses) con maloclusión funcional y leve de clase esquelética III fueron seleccionados y tratados con aparatos FR-3. El cefalograma lateral se tomó antes y después del tratamiento, y los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba t de muestras con el software SPSS22.0. Las diferencias se consideraron estadísticamente significativas a P <0,05. Los resultados demostraron que el dispositivo FR-3 produjo una disminución estadísticamente significativa en L1-NB, L1MP, U1-L1 (P <0,01) y un gran aumento en ANB, MP-FH, eje Y, ANS-Me, ANS -Me / N-Me y overjet (P <0,01). SNA, SNB se incrementaron significativamente (P <0,05). Mientras tanto, N'Sn-Pog', ULSn-SN, LLSi-SN aumentaron, S-N'-Si, LL-EP disminuyeron con una diferencia significativa (P <0,01). S-N'-Sn, Cm-Sn-UL, UL-EP, Sn-Mes y Ns-Mes aumentaron con una diferencia significativa (P <0,05). Por lo tanto, se concluyó que después del tratamiento con FR-3, la posición de la mandíbula puede girar en sentido reloj hacia atrás y hacia abajo, con labioversión de los incisivos superiores y linguoversión de los incisivos inferiores. Aunque el punto A se movió mesialmente, la longitud y la posición del maxilar no cambiaron significativamente. Con la protuberancia del labio superior y la retrusión del labio inferior, la relación entre la nariz, el labio superior, el labio inferior y el mentón se armoniza, el perfil del tejido blando es más coordinado y atractivo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Orthodontic Appliances, Functional , Dentition, Mixed , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/pathology , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/therapy , CephalometryABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The study was designed to observe the effects of the smokeless tobacco extract(ST) on the attachment,morphology,structure and proliferation of rat gingival fibroblasts(RGFs) to titanium in vitro. METHODS: RGFs were obtained from explants of rat normal gingival tissues by using tissue-explant technique.The origin of cells was identified by immunochemistry of vimentin and cytokeratin. RGFs to titanium were cultured in the presence of ST at various concentration,the attachment and growth of cells attached to titanium were measured by MTT method, immunofluorescence was used to detect and analyze the shapes of RGFs attached to titanium.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS13.0 software package for one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Immunochemical study showed that vimentin was expressed in RGFs while cytokeratin was negative,which indicated that RGFs were originated from mesoblastoma.With the increasing of ST concentration,the attachment,spreading shape and proliferation of RGFs in all groups decreased in a concentration-dependent manner.The difference between ST group and control group was statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ST can inhibit the attachment,spreading shape and proliferation of RGFs, suggesting that smoking may have influence on the long result of oral implant operation.
Subject(s)
Nicotiana , Titanium , Animals , Cell Adhesion , Cells, Cultured , Fibroblasts , Gingiva , RatsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the drug-resistance of Acinetobacter spp and observe whether antibiotic-beta- lactamase inhibitor complexing agent enhances the sensitivity of the drug-resistant bacteria to the antibiotics. METHODS: Susceptibility tests to the antibiotics were performed for 60 isolated strains of Acinetobacter spp with Kirby-Bauer (K-B) and Etest methods. RESULTS: The drug-resistance rate of the strains to cefoperazone, ampicillin, ticarcillin and piperacillin exceeded 55.0%, and antibiotic-beta-lactamase inhibitor complexing agents evinced better antibacterial activity than antibiotics used alone (P < 0.001). The 2 antibiotic complexes incorporating sulbacta had more potent antibacterial activity than the complexes incorporating clavulanate (2 agents) and tazobactam (1 agent), with the mean ranks of 7.38, 6.43, 5.57, 5.47 and 5.50 respectively. Cefoperazone combined with sulbacta produced a reduction in MIC(90) and MIC(50) that were only 4.69% and 0.59% of the MIC(50) of cefoperazone, and in addition, sulbacta caused cefoperazone- and ampicillin-resistant rates to reduce from both 75.0% to 5.0% and 24.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Acinetobacter spp is resistant to a wide spectrum of commonly-used antibiotics, but cefoperazone in combination with sulbacta can obviously enhance antibacterial potency, suggesting the primary role of this regimen in fighting Acinetobacter spp infections in hospital.
