Association between the triglyceride glucose index and obstructive sleep apnea and its symptoms: results from the NHANES.

BACKGROUND: Certain studies have indicated a link between obstructive sleep apnea and insulin resistance in specific populations. To gain more clarity, extensive research involving a broad sample of the overall population is essential. The primary objective of this study was to investigate this correlation by utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. METHODS: The analysis incorporated data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database spanning the time periods from 2005 to 2008 and from 2015 to 2018, with a focus on American adults aged 18 years and older after applying weight adjustments. Key variables such as obstructive sleep apnea, triglyceride glucose index, and various confounding factors were considered. A generalized linear logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnea and the triglyceride glucose index, with additional exploration of the consistency of the results through hierarchical analysis and other techniques. RESULTS: The study included participants aged between 18 and 90 years, with an average age of 46.75 years. Among the total sample, 50.76% were male. The triglyceride glucose index demonstrated a diagnostic capability for obstructive sleep apnea, with an AUC of 0.701 (95% CI: 0.6619-0.688). According to the fully adjusted model, individuals in the fourth quartile of the triglyceride glucose index showed an increased likelihood of having obstructive sleep apnea compared to those in the first quartile (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.02-2.06; P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated that male sex (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.76-2.45; P < 0.05), younger age (OR: 2.83; 95% CI: 2.02-3.96; P < 0.05), white ethnicity (OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.93-2.73; P < 0.05), and obesity (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.28-1.85; P < 0.05) were correlated with an elevated risk of OSA. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a strong association between an elevated TG index and OSA. Additionally, the triglyceride glucose index could serve as an independent predictor of obstructive sleep apnea.

A mass event of paraquat poisoning via inhalation.

Objective: In January 2023, a rare event of collective inhalation paraquat poisoning occurred in Shandong, China. To analyze the clinical characteristics of an event of respiratory tract paraquat poisoning through inhalation. Methods: Clinical data from eight patients with paraquat inhalation poisoning were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The patients were mainly exposed to paraquat via the respiratory tract. The main clinical manifestations were ocular and respiratory irritation. Lung computed tomography (CT) showed that all eight patients had varying degrees of lung injury, mainly manifesting as exudative lesions. Laboratory tests revealed arterial blood gas hypoxemia, abnormal white blood cell count, and increased neutrophil ratio. Sufficient glucocorticoid impact therapy was effective, and all eight patients survived. Conclusion: Eight patients experienced chest tightness, shortness of breath, and varying degrees of lung injury due to inhalation of paraquat through the respiratory tract. The early use of glucocorticoids and other comprehensive treatment measures, active prevention and treatment of lung infections, and protection of organ function have beneficial effects in such cases.

Case report: Analysis of a case of hydrogen sulfide poisoning in a waste treatment plant.

This paper summarizes and analyzes the clinical data of a patient with Occupational hydrogen sulfide poisoning admitted to our hospital on March 4, 2023. On the morning of March 2, 2023, the patient worked at an environmental energy company (waste treatment plant) in Shandong Province for the first time, The job was to flush the sludge from the walls of the sludge treatment tank (anaerobic tank) with a water gun, which can release hydrogen sulfide gas. When the patient was about to start work after entering the tank for about 1 min, he suddenly smelled a harsh and pungent odor, felt dizzy and weak, and then the patient suddenly fainted. After hearing the sound of the patient fainting, the workman waiting at the entrance of the tank immediately called someone to go into the tank and quickly pull the patient out, and sent to the local hospital. In the local hospital, the patient was confused, accompanied by irritability, convulsion and other manifestations, and was treated with sedation and nutritional support. Two days later, the patient's condition did not improve. For further diagnosis and treatment, the patient was transferred to the Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases in our hospital. After comprehensive treatment in our hospital, the patient got better and was discharged. Subsequent reexamination and follow-up showed that the patient recovered well. The work unit of the patient did not provide any personal protective equipment. According to the field investigation after the accident, the pipeline around the sludge treatment tank was blocked by sludge, resulting in a large amount of high concentration of H2S accumulated in the tank, causing the patient to faint soon after entering the tank, and his worker should be in the tank for a short time, and no health abnormalities were found. Hydrogen sulfide has a strong irritation to the human body, which can lead to asphyxia or even death in severe cases. The safety prevention and prevention knowledge of hydrogen sulfide poisoning should be popularized among enterprises and workers to reduce the occurrence of such incidents.

Case report: Occupational poisoning incident from a leak of chloroacetyl chloride in Jinan, Shandong, China.

Chloroacetyl chloride is a potent acylation agent that decomposes violently in water to produce chloroacetic acid and irritant hydrogen chloride. It and its decomposition products are corrosive to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system and can cause multiple organ failure. Herein, we report cases of poisoning by chloroacetyl chloride and its decomposition products in the skin and respiratory system. After exposure, one patient developed vomiting, irritability, coma, hypoxemia, hypotension, acidosis, and hypokalemia. Another patient developed bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and decreased vision. One patient died and two recovered. Chloroacetyl chloride and its decomposition products are corrosive and can damage multiple organs after absorption through the skin and respiratory tract, leading to severe heart failure. Cardiogenic shock may be the primary cause of early mortality.

Anthocyanin, a novel and user-friendly reporter for convenient, non-destructive, low cost, directly visual selection of transgenic hairy roots in the study of rhizobia-legume symbiosis.

BACKGROUND: Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation provides a powerful tool for investigating the functions of plant genes involved in rhizobia-legume symbiosis. However, in the traditional identification methods of transgenic hairy roots based on reporter genes, an expensive chemical substrate or equipment is required. RESULTS: Here, we report a novel, low cost, and robust reporter for convenient, non-destructive, and directly visual selection of transgenic hairy roots by naked eye, which can be used in the study of rhizobia-legume symbiosis. The reporter gene AtMyb75 in Arabidopsis, encoding an R2R3 type MYB transcription factor, was ectopically expressed in hairy roots-mediated by A. rhizogenes, which induced purple/red colored anthocyanin accumulation in crop species like soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and two model legume species, Lotus japonicas and Medicago truncatula. Transgenic hairy roots of legumes containing anthocyanin can establish effective symbiosis with rhizobia. We also demonstrated the reliability of AtMyb75 as a reporter gene by CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis of the soybean resistance to nodulation Rfg1 gene in the soybean PI377578 (Nod-) inoculated with Sinorhizobium fredii USDA193. Without exception, mature nitrogen-fixation nodules, were formed on purple transgenic hairy roots containing anthocyanin. CONCLUSIONS: Anthocyanin is a reliable, user-friendly, convenient, non-destructive, low cost, directly visual reporter for studying symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodule development and could be widely applied in broad leguminous plants.

Transport and numerical simulation of Cu2+ in saturated porous medium in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles.

Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can control and remove heavy metal pollution from wastewater. This approach has gained broad attention due to its excellent surface properties. However, there have been limited studies for Cu2+ retention and transfer regulation in saturated porous media in the presence of MNPs. The objectives of this study were to analyze the migration and deposition mechanism of Cu2+ under different conditions through static adsorption and numerical models. The results indicated that the MNPs-quartz sand had better adsorption capacity for Cu2+ (59.1 mg/kg) than quartz sand only (26.84 mg/kg), and thus it inhibited the migration of Cu2+; the effect improved with increasing MNP content. Furthermore, high ion strength (IS) and flow velocity were beneficial to the migration of Cu2+, and a high pH inhibited the migration of Cu2+. The numerical simulation results showed that the two-site model (TSM) nicely fitted the migration of Cu2+ in quartz sand and MNPs-sand. The migration of Cu2+ in both media was affected by chemical nonequilibrium. We also found that the presence of MNPs had little impact on the dispersion of porous media by observing the fitting parameters D (dispersion coefficient) 0.202 for both media. Our results can evaluate the risk of heavy metal migration and retention in saturated porous media in the presence of nanoparticles; this can prevent aquifer pollution.