Epidemiological Analysis of Patients with Pre-Hospital First Aid in Keyouqian Banner, Hinggan League, Inner Mongolia.

Objective: To summarize the characteristics of patients calling the 120 emergency number for pre-hospital first aid in Keyouqian Banner, Hinggan League. Methods: The clinical data of adult patients with pre-hospital first aid from 2016 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were 2711 cases with pre-hospital first aid. Males significantly outnumbered females. Young and middle-aged patients comprised 81.5%. Patients were mainly Han and Mongolians. Most injuries and illnesses occurred at home and on the road. The time to arrival of medical services was 30.34 ± 28.29 minutes. The proportion of pre-hospital first aid for trauma was the highest, followed by diseases concerning the cardiovascular and neurological systems. The proportion of patients with improved medical conditions after onsite first aid was 43.3%, the proportion with unchanged conditions was 51.7%, and the total mortality rate was 3.9%. Conclusion: The disease spectrum, ethnic distribution, age at onset, and pre-hospital first aid capabilities for outpatients were analyzed. These results may facilitate the establishment of a pre-hospital first aid system for the local prevention and control of acute and critical illnesses, increase the success rate of the region's pre-hospital first aid services, and improve the prognosis.

[Clinical study of phacoemulsification with NeoSoniX handpiece].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of phacoemulsification with NeoSoniX handpiece. METHODS: It was a prospective random controlled clinical trial. Six hundred and fifty-nine cases (659 eyes) having phacoemulsification were prospectively comprised in this study. All cases were divided into two groups randomly. Group 1(NeoSoniX handpiece) include 317 cases. Group 2 (standard handpiece) include 342 cases. Preoperative measurements included best correct visual acuity (BCVA) and cataract grade according to the Emery classification. Intraoperative measurements included active power (AP) and effective phaco time (EPT). Postoperative measurements included BCVA and corneal edema. RESULTS: Grade I to III nuclear sclerosis, the AP was 3.53% +/- 1.76% with NeoSoniX and 3.84% +/- 1.93 % with standard handpiece, the EPT was (0.23 +/- 0.15) minutes and (0.25 +/- 0.19) minutes, respectively. There was no significant difference in the postoperative BCVA and cornea edema between the two groups. Grade IV or V nuclear sclerosis, the AP was 6.31% +/- 2.78 % with NeoSoniX and 9.45% +/- 4.17 % with standard handpiece, the EPT was (0.55 +/- 0.28) minutes and (0.83 +/- 0.44) minutes, respectively. There was significant difference in the postoperative 1 day BCVA and cornea edema between the two groups. There was significant difference in the postoperative 7 days BCVA and cornea edema between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound energy consumption with NeoSoniX was significantly less than with US alone in emulsifying cataracts of optimum density and dense hard cataracts.

[Comparative study of gentamycin and povidone-iodine on eliminating the conjunctival bacteria].

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of gentamycin, 0.5% povidone-iodine and 5.0% povidone-iodine in eliminating rate of positive conjunctival bacteria cultures and aqueous humor contamination, and to observe their adverse effects. METHODS: It was a comparative study. Three hundred patients (300 eyes) were randomized to three groups: gentamycin group, 0.5% povidone-iodine group and 5.0% povidone-iodine group. All patients received 1-day (6 times) topical application of 0.3% ofloxacin before surgery. Approximately 5 minutes before surgery, the conjunctival sac was irrigated with 5 - 8 ml gentamycin, 0.5% povidone-iodine or 5.0% povidone-iodine, correspondingly. Conjunctival cultures were obtained at the following time points: before receiving any topical medications; after application of 1-day topical 0.3% ofloxacin, before irrigating the conjunctival sac; immediately before surgery approximately 5 minutes after conjunctival sac irrigation and at the end of the surgery. Anterior chamber aspirates were obtained at the beginning of the surgery. Bacteria isolated were identified and antibiotic susceptibility was determined. The rate of positive conjunctival cultures among each group was compared and significance of the difference was tested with the Pearson chi-square test. RESULTS: Rate of positive conjunctival cultures before the conjunctival irrigation was 79.7%, 76.6% and 77.8% in the gentamycin group, 0.5% povidone-iodine group and 5.0% povidone-iodine group, respectively. The difference between these three groups was not statistically significant (chi2 = 0.28, P = 0.86). At the end of surgery, the rate of positive conjunctival cultures in these three groups was 11.7%, 8.3% and 6.3%, respectively. The difference between these three groups was also not statistically significant (chi2 = 1.74, P = 0.41). The average rate of anterior aqueous contamination was 4.9% and there was no significant difference among these three groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both 0.5% povidone-iodine and 5.0% povidone-iodine using for irrigating conjunctival sac are safe. Gentamycin, 0.5% povidone-iodine and 5.0% povidone-iodine have similar effects on the reduction of the bacteria in conjunctival sac.